Saturday, December 21, 2019

Wmt Valuation Essay - 1915 Words

Summary - Valuing Wal-Mart In utilizing the fundamental data provided by the 2010 Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation article titled Valuing Wal-Mart - 2010, I have made the following conclusions regarding the value of Wal-Mart (WMT) stock as of February 2012. * Utilizing the constant growth dividend discount model (DDM), the value of Wal-Mart’s stock price is $60.20. The most recent closing price of Wal-Mart stock was $53.48. Given this information, the constant growth DDM valuation suggests that the Wal-Mart stock is currently undervalued. * Utilizing the two-stage DDM approach, the value of Wal-Mart’s stock price is $83.95. Similar to the constant growth DDM valuation conclusion, the Wal-Mart stock is currently†¦show more content†¦Through the mid-part of the 80’s and into the early 90’s Wal-Mart had still produced annual earnings growth over 20%. It wasn’t until the early part of the century where Wal-Mart had produced earnings growth in the low teens to single digits. With that as supporting material, Wal-Mart has already experienced it’s growth and transition phases of its business cycle and is more in their maturity stage of their business. As of 2010, Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world with more than $400 billion in annual revenues across more than 8,000 stores. It would be. It would not be justifiable to utilize the three-stage dividend approach in valuing such a mature company. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Valuations for Wal-Mart CAPM Utilizing the fundamental concepts of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the expected return for Wal-Mart stock is 7.01% [E(R)]. This is a result of a risk-free rate (Rf) of 3.68%, which was the provided 10-year government bond yield to use as a proxy for the risk-free rate. The beta (ÃŽ ² ) of Wal-Mart was 0.66 according to the provided Bloomberg beta estimate. Additional data was provided on the U.S. market risk premium [E(RM) – Rf] of 5.05%. In following the general concepts of CAPM, there are some general assumptions: no transaction costs, all assets are publicly traded,Show MoreRelatedFinancial Outcomes Paper1657 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Valuation Paper University of Phoenix FIN / 419 – Finance for Decision Making November 3, 2009 Capital Valuation Paper Companies are evaluated to determine if they are risky to invest in. There are many tools that are used to conduct this evaluation. Part of determining Wal-mart’s financial health is to analyze their debt position. This is done by indicating the amount of other people’s money being used to generate profits. Long-termRead MoreCompany Analysis : Wal Mart Stores Inc.1044 Words   |  5 PagesMarket Perform to Underperform). This means that the stock is expected to do slightly worse than the market return (SP 500). The analyst arrived at this conclusion because his 2015 EPS estimate (i.e., lowering from $5.35 to $5.20) led him to a valuation of $78 per share compared with the stock’s closing price of $83 per share. His rating reflects the fundamental view that: †¢ While U.S. 3Q14 comp-store sales growth of 0.5% was slightly positive event when compared with flat expectations, it cameRead MoreThe Equity Analysis On Wal Mart Stores Inc.1039 Words   |  5 PagesUnderperform from Market Perform). This means that the stock is expected to do slightly worse than the market return (SP 500). The analyst arrived at this conclusion because his 2015 EPS estimate (i.e., lowering from $5.35 to $5.20) led him to a valuation of $78 per share compared with the stock’s closing price of $83 per share. His rating reflects the fundamental view that: †¢ While U.S. 3Q14 comp-store sales growth of 0.5% was slightly positive event when compared with flat expectations, it cameRead MoreWal Mart Stock Analysis Essay2680 Words   |  11 PagesStores Inc. (which ticker symbol in NYSE is WMT) by fundamental analysis. According to this analysis, I recommend that Wal-Mart is worth to invest in the long term because of the potential growth of market shares and revenue. Besides, based on P/E method and Gordon model, WMT price is undervalued; therefore, if investors buy the stock, they will get benefit not only in capital gain but also in dividend cash inflow. II. Introduction of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) Wal-Mart, founded by Sam Walton in 1962Read MoreThe World s 10 Largest Firms And Their Sources Of Economies1609 Words   |  7 Pagessame time keeping influence to a base, with an aggregate obligation/value degree of just 0.11 (Ayyagari, 2011). Market Capitalization: $408 billion All out Revenue: $470 billion Profit for Equity: 27% Profit Yield: 2.21% Wal-Mart Stores (WMT) Wal-Mart (WMT) is the biggest US supplier of foodstuffs, and the biggest US general retailer. They can purchase in such colossal mass, and power suppliers to acknowledge such low costs, so they can offer at low costs to clients. Costco has been penetratingRead MoreWal Mart, Walmart International And Sams Club1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe company chosen for the assignment is Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT). The company belongs to the retail stores industry. About the company: Established in the year 1945, Wal-Mart is a retail store that operates around the globe and is based at Bentonville, Arkansas. The three segments of the firm includes: Walmart U.S., Walmart International and Sam’s Club. The stores provide a wide range of products including bakery, health, beauty, stationery, fabrics and crafts, apparel, paints, furniture, electronicsRead MoreFinancial Analysis Walmart 2013 Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pages Stock Price Analysis Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (WMT) is one of the largest retailers in the world, and a shareholder friendly company. According to four years average revenue growth: 6%, four year average income growth: 8%, †¨four year average EPS growth: 11%, four year average cash flow growth: 6%, dividend Yield: 2.76%, and dividend Growth Rate: 17%, Although the company has seen some disappointing numbers, I find the current WMT stock valuation at approximately $53 per share to be reasonably attractiveRead MoreStock Valuation Walmart2303 Words   |  10 PagesStock Valuation Project Wal-Mart Retail begins. Before opening Wal-Mart, Sam Walton, traveled the United States to study everything he could about discount retailing. Walton became convinced that American consumers wanted a new type of store. With this vision Walton and his wife Helen placed 95 percent of the capital for their first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas. Within five years, the company expanded to 24 stores across Arkansas and reached $12.6 million in sales; in 1968 it opened its firstRead MoreWalmart Principles of Business1191 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowth and profit for fiscal year 2011. After reviewing Walmart’s financial history thoroughly, I would have no issues investing into this company. However, before investing â€Å"[investors] should always understand the meaning and trends of stock valuations to make an informed speculative decision on the future performance of a stock† (Ebert amp; Griffin, 2003). When reviewing Walmart’s stock history, you can see the slow increase of value in the stock as the company has expanded. Wal-Mart StoresRead MoreFINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF SEARS VS. WAL-MART5339 Words   |  22 Pagesgood introduction regarding the combination of such information to create a powerful tool for financial statement analysis. Profitability analysis Exhibit 1-1 Comparison of profitability ratios 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 SEARS WMT SEARS WMT SEARS WMT SEARS WMT SEARS WMT ROS 3.3% 3.06% 1.79% 3.29% 3.29% 3.26% 3.69% 3.22% 2.63% 2.99% Gross margin 44.0% 22.2% 41.3% 22.5% 38.2% 22.5% 39.4% 22.2% 38.3% 21.9% operating profit/sale 5.9% 4.9% 3.0% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% 6.1% 5.2% 4.7% 4.9% EBIT/sales 8.7% 5

Friday, December 13, 2019

Records Administrators and Technicians Free Essays

Records Administrators and Technicians November 24, 2010 HCR/210 Instructor: Jennifer Briscoe Records Administrators and Technicians The general duties for handling patient records differ between a record administrator (RHIA) and a records technician (RHIT). A RHIT has to have knowledge about medical records and implement the skills that go into filling out all the documents in the files. A RHIA hires and teaches medical record technicians how properly to complete medical documentations. We will write a custom essay sample on Records Administrators and Technicians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Three specific examples of differences between a record administrator and a records technician are a technician can assist an administrator, an administrator reviews a technician’s work, and an administrator manages or supervises the medical staff at a medical facility. A RHIT has to be knowledgeable in medical requirements, standards, procedures, regulations, and methods. A technician has to know a wide range of medical codes, medical terminology, and medical record content and organization. Also a technician has to be well-informed in psychology, diseases, anatomical systems, read and comprehend a medical chart, and be familiar with other medical departments. A record technician also has to work with health care insurance. A RHIT has many more specific duties when working with medical records. A RHIT uses many medical record knowledge and skills regularly so they must be accurate with the completed records. A RHIA has to have all the knowledge of a medical record technician because they hire and train the new employees. An administrator only steps into help out a technician if he or she is needed. An administrator also checks a technician work to see if it is complete, accurate, and complies with the federal regulations and facility policies. Administrators are the leaders of facility documentations and develop procedures and policies for the staff. An administrator distributes records when he or she is authorized to by the patients. References: 1997-2010, â€Å"Medical Record Technician† Job Description and Jobs How to cite Records Administrators and Technicians, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

An Honest Farmer free essay sample

The dictionary defines integrity as â€Å"an uncompromising adherence to a moral code† and ssys the word traces its origins to a Latin term meaning â€Å"untouched. † Here is integrity, untouched and unshaken by altered circumstances. There was a war in Germany long ago, and thousands of soldiers were scattered over the country. A captain of the cavalry, who had a great many men and horses to feed, was told by his colonel that he must get food from the farms nearby. The captain walked for some time through the lonely valley, and at last knocked at the door of a small cottage. The man who opened it looked old and lame. He leaned on a stick. â€Å"Good day, sir,† said the captain. â€Å"Will you kindly show me a field where my soldiers can cut the grain and carry it off for our army? † the old man led the soldiers through the valley for about a mile, and in the distance they saw a field of barley waving in the breeze. We will write a custom essay sample on An Honest Farmer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"This is just what we want. We’ll stop here,† exclaimed the captain. â€Å"No, not yet,† said the old man. â€Å"You must follow me a little farther. † After another mile or two, they came to a second field of barley. The soldiers dismounted, cut down the grain, tied it in sheaves, and rode away with it. Then the captain said to the old farmer: â€Å"Why did you make us walk so far? The first field of barley was better than this one. † â€Å"That is true, sir,† answered the honest old man, â€Å"but it was not mine. † farmer

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Changes In Pop Art Essays - Visual Arts, Arts, Culture,

Changes In Pop Art Changes in Pop Art Pop art was a 20th century art movement that utilized consumerism and popular culture. Andy Warhol, for example, changed the imagery of everyday objects, as well as entertainment figures, through distorted shapes, sizes, and bold colors. As the decades passed, the style of pop art slightly changed as well. Later artists, such as Tom Wesselmann and Allen Jones presented their subject matter in a more shocking perspective. Women, and more specifically their bodies, were often the target of graphic manipulation. This sexual presentation was seen as pleasurable entertainment for male viewers, as much past artworks often did. This paper will attempt to explain the changes made during the pop art movement, in addition to the specific roles women played in pop art. First, we must discuss what is pop art? Pop art, as defined by the Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, is a movement that emerged at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract expressionism. (Encyclopedia.com) The term Pop stands for popular art or even for pop bottle art, depending on the frequency with which such everyday objects appeared. The movement as a whole originated in England in the fifties and then naturally spread to the United States. This movement resulted as images were made popular through mass-media advertising and comic strips, and other everyday objects, such as pop bottles, beer cans, and other supermarket products. The images were then presented in bizarre combinations, distortions, or exaggerations in size. The original human-made object is always kept in its true form in some way. (Art Fundamentals, 305) The introduction of American Pop art resulted in a major reaction against abstract expressionism, which had dominated painting in the United States during the later 1940s and 1950s. During the later 1950s, there were many indications that American painting would return to a new kind of figuration. Pop art brought art back to the material realization of everyday life, to popular culture in which ordinary people derived most of their visual language in what perceived to be the real world of shopping, movie stars, and car advertisements. The term pop art was first used by Lawrence Alloway, a well-known critic of the art period. He used the term to describe those paintings that celebrated post-war consumerism and defied the psychology of Abstract Expressionism. This was thought of as an art that gave off a natural appeal to American artists, living in the midst of an industrial and commercial environment. Thus, the result was a more bold and aggressive display of art and advertising. While many artists duplicated beer bottles, soup cans, and comic strips in their artworks, other artists incorporated these objects in their actual artworks. In both cases of artworks, however, pop artists stressed new and store-bought in a shocking light, symbolizing their interpretations of the changes that took place in America during that time. Their vulger interpretations, which appeared in advertising, supermarkets, and television, explains why the pop art movement had such a large impact on commercial, graphic, and fashion design. (Russell, 54) The myths of everyday life which has surfaced in consumer culture, especially in mass media, express the belief in progress, but also a fear of disaster. During the peak of pop art, there were a series of crucial events that took place. For example, the Vietnam War, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, racial riots breaking out in cities everywhere, and addictions to sex, drugs, and rock n roll, are just a few major events that were occurring during this same time period. (Osterwold, 11) Thus it is not surprising that the world of pop art emerged. Pop art was seen as a way to stand for the dreams, traumas, luxury, and poverty of the times. Pop art was just one way for people to recognize the good of the nation, and the need to support the consumer world. One particular pop artist, Andy Warhol, was often recognized as the father of pop art. Warhol first introduced his own illusionary world of pop art to the public with his interpretation of the Campbells soup can. Never before has such an everyday object like a soup can been viewed as a work of

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The History of Hutu and Tutsi Conflicts

The History of Hutu and Tutsi Conflicts Hutu and Tutsi are two groups in Africa that became known to most in other parts of the world through the grisly 1994 Rwanda genocide, but the history of conflict between the two ethnic groups reaches back further than that. Generally, the Hutu-Tutsi strife stems from class warfare, with the Tutsis perceived to have greater wealth and social status (as well as favoring cattle ranching over what is seen as the lower-class farming of the Hutus). The Tutsis are thought to have originally come from Ethiopia and arrived after the Hutu came from Chad. Burundi, 1972 The seeds of resentment for the minority Tutsis were sown when the first elections after winning independence in May 1965 saw strong Hutu wins, but the king appointed a Tutsi friend prime minister, sparking a failed coup attempt by Hutus. Even though this was quickly quelled in the capital, it set off additional violence between the two ethnicities in the countryside. In addition, Tutsis, which made up about 15 percent of the population to the 80 percent Hutus, occupied other key government and military positions. On April 27, some Hutu policemen rebelled, killing all Tutsis and Hutus (estimates range from 800 to 1,200 dead) who refused to join the rebellion in the lakeside towns of Rumonge and Nyanza-Lac. The leaders of the rebellion have been described as radicalized Hutu intellectuals who operated out of Tanzania. The Tutsi president, Michel Micombero, responded by declaring martial law and putting the wheels of a Hutu genocide in motion. The first phase virtually wiped out the educated Hutu (by June, nearly 45 percent of teachers were reported missing; students at technical schools were targeted, as well), and by the time the carnage was done in May about 5 percent of the population had been killed: estimates range from 100,000 to up to 300,000 Hutu. Burundi, 1993 The Hutus won the presidential office with banker Melchior Ndadaye, forming the first government since independence from Belgium in 1962 with elections that had been agreed to by the ruling Tutsis, but Ndadaye was assassinated shortly thereafter. The killing of the president threw the country back into turmoil, claiming about 25,000 Tutsi civilians in revenge killings. This sparked killings of Hutu, resulting in a total death toll of about 50,000 over the next several months. The mass killings of the Tutsi wouldnt be called genocide by the United Nations until a 2002 inquiry. Rwanda, 1994Â   In April 1994 Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira, a Hutu, and Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana, also a Hutu, were killed when their plane was shot down. By this time, tens of thousands of Hutus had fled the Burundi violence into Rwanda. Blame for the assassination has been pointed at both Tutsi and Hutu extremists; current Rwandan President Paul Kagame, who at the time led a Tutsi rebel group, has said that the Hutu extremists conducted the rocket attack to set in motion their long-laid-out plans to wipe out the Tutsis. These genocidal plans were hatched not just at cabinet meetings, but spread in media incitement, and capped a long period of ethnic unrest in Rwanda. Between April and July, some 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed, with a militia group called the Interahamwe taking lead in the slaughter. Sometimes Hutus were forced to kill their Tutsi neighbors; other participants in the genocide were given monetary incentives. The United Nations let the killings go on unabated after 10 Belgian peacekeepers were killed in the early days of the genocide. Democratic Republic of Congo, Post-Rwandan Genocide to the Present Many Hutu militants who participated in the Rwandan genocide fled to the Congo in 1994, setting up encampments in the mountainous areas akin to fiefdoms. In addition, several groups of Hutu fighting the Tutsi-dominated government of Burundi settled in the eastern part of the country. Rwandas Tutsi government has twice invaded with the intention of wiping out the Hutu militants. The Hutu also battle a Tutsi rebel leader, General Laurent Nkunda, and his forces. Up to five million deaths have been caused by the years of fighting in the Congo. The Interahamwe now call themselves the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and use the country as a staging base to overthrow Kagame in Rwanda. One of the groups commanders told the Daily Telegraph in 2008, We are fighting every day because we are Hutu and they are Tutsis. We cannot mix, we are always in conflict. We will stay enemies forever.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Electoral College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electoral College - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that an electoral college comprises of a group of electors who are chosen to elect a candidate to a certain office. Since 1964, in the United States, 538 electors have been selected in each presidential election. This is in line with article II, section 2 of the US constitution, which clearly outlines the number of electors that every state should have. It also spells out how those electors should be chosen. The Electoral College is an illustration of an indirect election, unlike the popular vote as the measure for electing the president. The researcher tells that he supports the Electoral College since; it gives a chance all citizens to air their views in a representative way, which is an act of exercising democracy in a free and fair manner. On the other hand, if we just use popular vote, for instance, the main cities on the eastern and western coastal region of the US could be making a decision the CIC always. Furthermore, the Electoral College has survived and is still flourishing for over a period of 200 years in electing the president and other government officials. The Electoral College system supports the two party systems, something that has significantly played a vital role in maintaining peace and stability among the people of America. Therefore, the author of this paper advocates that the Electoral College ought to continue being used for conducting presidential elections.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Executive Summary of an organization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summary of an organization - Term Paper Example The company sells over 300 products to more than 5 billion consumers. Although traditionally the company primarily focused on mature markets, P&G has managed to expand its market share in regions considered as developing markets, which includes Africa. Competitors: Key competitors of P&G’s products include Unilever, Johnson & Johnson and Kimberly Clark Corporation. The ease of substitution of P & G consumer goods by competitors has resulted to decline in the company’s sales volume. In addition, Unilever has also successfully established international market for its products, thus reducing P&G’s market share. Collaborators: To enhance innovation and increase its management efficiency, P&G has adopted a collaborative strategy in its operation. Microsoft has emerged as the key party in P&G’s collaborative strategy. Microsoft has been able to develop and implement essential information systems that are being utilized by P&G for operations management and communication purposes. In addition, P&G collaboration with Cisco led to the development of TelePresence, teleconference information system used by the organization. Community: Due to its vast market, P&G operates in a dynamic market coupled with a myriad of political, economical and social dynamics. The primarily operates under the domain of the set laws and regulations of the given political expanse. This may range from one country to another. Strengths: By using human resources information systems, P&G has been able to manage effectively its vast volume of employees, which totaled 125,000 globally. Furthermore, using supply chain information systems, the organization efficiently manages global distribution of over 300 brands in 160 countries. According to Gelder (2005), effective management of information and communication systems has also necessitated the appropriate management of P&G’s marketing and advertisement, which is evidenced by their popular brands. Weakness: Implementation of

Monday, November 18, 2019

Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reflection - Coursework Example Undoubtedly, I shall have mastered the art of writing to not just for the sake of communication, but meeting the preset goals and objectives of the writing. This will definitely be useful for future career as an English literature teacher, besides putting me above board, especially in competitive and multicultural working environments. Meeting the workplace goals and objectives usually require dedication, efficiency, and creative thinking hence the relevance of intensive and diverse writing skills coupled with verbal impeccable oral communication skills. Moreover, the situational analysis of various research papers, proposals, journals articles among others would definitely be become part of my achievements in this noble but essential Course. Sincerely speaking, I have always taken â€Å"writing very lightly owing to the perception and misconception of its simplicity† (Murray and Krueger 34). This is because of the preformed mindset that nearly all writings are always done in one language except a few which might as well be forfeited. In addition, writing the proposed reflective paper on the required changes expected of the Arizona University transport system would enhance my analytical skills. I therefore expect that more opportunities on strategic planning, project management endowed with modern technological advancements would eventually be opened my way. The ethical and social skills will undeniably be the underpinning value of the noble reflective witting Course. Prior to taking this reflective Course, I used to be very afraid of undertaking any kind of writing until I was challenged by my instructor. My instructor challenged me to make proposal on the required â€Å"changes that need to be effected to the Arizona University Transport system† (Murray and Krueger 27). The instructor basically expounded on the topic by giving me only the insights of what I was expected to ensure rare addressed in my proposal. However, I

Friday, November 15, 2019

Moral Perspectives On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Moral Perspectives On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Should individuals, especially terminally ill-people in excruciating pain, be able to end their lives? If so, may they hasten their deaths only be refusing medical treatment designed to sustain their lives, or may they take active measures to kill themselves? Can they ask others to assist them? Who can they ask: their spouses? Close friends? Their doctors? Should they expect the law to support their decision?  [1]  These are commonly asked question when debating on euthanasia. In this paper I shall try to answers these questions from different moral perspectives. According to Vincent Barry, euthanasia is the act of painlessly putting to death a person suffering from terminal or incurable disease or condition  [2]  . To elaborate, euthanasia is deliberate act; it is painless killing and is performed to people with incurable disease or irreversible coma. In addition euthanasia is performed only to those patients who have confirmed diagnosis of untreatable disease, are at their terminal stage of life and are suffering from intense pain or other painful medical symptoms. The term euthanasia is often used interchangeably with physician assisted suicide/death as it is usually assisted or advised by a physician. There are six categories of euthanasia. However it can be classified in two different ways. First is the way life is taken from the patient suffering from terminal disease, which is known as active or passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is an act of killing the person by injecting lethal drugs to cause immediate and painless death. While passive euthanasia is omitting the act of saving a persons life with incurable disease, and is not benefiting from the existing medical treatment. Hence passive euthanasia is allowing the patient to die (Daniel Gorman, 1998). Moreover it could be painful or painless depending on the present condition of the sufferer. Not everyone agrees with classifying passive euthanasia under the category of euthanasia as it is not a deliberate act of killing, and is usually prolong and painful. Therefore allowing the patient to die can be morally permissible (Gay-Williams, 1979). Others argue killing and allowing dying holds same moral position in some cases and therefore should be answered separately (James Rachels, 1975). The second method of classification of euthanasia is (a) voluntary i.e. the sufferer who is competent adult is giving consent for particular form of treatment for euthanasia. (b) Non-voluntary euthanasia i.e. when the consent is given by some other person because the patient to die is not eligible to give consent (Vincent Barry, 1985, pg 195). Different moral positions and arguments are held for different forms of euthanasia. Therefore in this paper I would discuss voluntary active euthanasia from Kantian and utilitarians perspective. In additions I would be discussing arguments for and against voluntary active euthanasia. Immanuel Kant focuses on actions and labels an action morally right if it is done for the sake and respect of duty. For him rational being is someone who guides his will and duty with reason. In addition he talks about principal of categorical imperatives that actions are morally correct if a person can will it to be universalized. Also he says not to use human beings as mere beings. Kant would look at voluntary active euthanasia as a form of suicide. In his groundwork for metaphysics of morals he talks about it as Act in such a way as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of anyone else, always as an end and never merely as a means  [3]  . So a person choosing euthanasia is using himself as mere being and is not respecting his own rationality. Hence Kant would strictly forbidden voluntary euthanasia as the person in pain inclined to take his life, is not acting according to duty and is therefore always immoral. The action is moral as Kant says if the unfortuna te one, strong in mind, indignant at his fate rather than desponding or dejected, wishes for death, and yet preserves his life without loving it not from inclination or fear, but from duty, then his maxim has a moral worth  [4]  . There are many schools of thoughts on utilitarianism but John Stuart Mills theory on utilitarianism and euthanasia will be discussed. Mills ethical theory mainly talks about pleasure and avoidance of pain. According to him, actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce reverse of happiness  [5]  . Hence voluntary active euthanasia can produce happiness for a number of people. Firstly the persons suffering from pain will get rid of it and having control over their lives would give pleasure. Secondly the family of the patients, who feel the pain of their close ones, and who are spending lots of money in the treatment, will ultimately be free of pain. Therefore utilitarians would allow active voluntary euthanasia because it follows greatest happiness principle. In my point of view, voluntary active euthanasia can be morally permissible. Keeping utilitarianism in mind, active voluntary euthanasia holds many advantages. It terminates the suffering and pain of the terminally ill persons and their families. In addition the material resources and paramedical staff needed to keep alive patients, whose death is certain, can be used for those patients who have curable diseases. Moreover families of such patients suffer from economic burden of medical expenses, hence it is also relieved. Lastly and most importantly, euthanasia gives a sense of autonomy and control to people, to decide how and when their lives should end, when death with incurable disease is certain. Now I shall converse the arguments for and against the act of voluntary active euthanasia. The first argument made by most of the opponents is that act of euthanasia is against the divine will of God and it interferes in the natural processes that God has formulated for human beings. As argued by Gay-Williams (1979), man as trustee of his body act against God, its rightful possessor, when he takes his own life. Hence killing human life is violation of Gods commandments. However Vincent Barry in his writings answers this argument in the light of modern medicine. He argues that contemporary advances in medicine have also interfered with the divine plan of God as it has prolonged peoples life who would have died long before. Hence if active euthanasia is said to be immoral, then prolonging peoples life against the will of God can also said to be immoral. Opponents of euthanasia argue that diagnosis made by physicians may at times be wrong. Therefore a patient diagnosed as having incurable disease might be an error. That is a mistaken diagnosis is made, and patient is forced to go for euthanasia. In addition they claim that physicians as human beings are inclined to make errors therefore euthanasia leads to an immoral and unacceptable act (Hooker, 2002, pg 28)  [6]  . In answer to this argument, proponents respond that there are very few cases in which such error is made. This doesnt imply that euthanasia shouldnt be legalized. If euthanasia is to be legalized and practiced, only medical experts would be eligible to make a diagnosis. Further to reduce the error of misdiagnosis, three medical experts shall discuss the diagnosis and come to the conclusion of whether euthanasia is applicable or not. The third argument made by the opponents is regarding new treatment options. They argue that what if new treatment modalities are available after acting on euthanasia? The outcomes would be terrible. Moreover people and physicians would become hopeless as soon as they encounter fatal disease and would not look for new treatment options. Brad Hooker (2002) talks about two standards that need to be followed for euthanasia. First he says that as euthanasia is always implied at the end stages of a fatal disease, where there is no possibility of the diseased being benefited from new medical treatments, hence in such cases active voluntary euthanasia can be entertained. Secondly on the other hand, if there is a possibility that a patient might benefit from any innovative medical treatment, euthanasia should always be restricted. Slippery slope argument on the legalization of voluntary active euthanasia is also made by most of the opponents. They argue that once we have allowed voluntary euthanasia, in no time, non voluntary euthanasia will also be allowed and legalized. Hence doctors and sufferers family will start killing them without their consent. These people will be killed for wealth they posses, doctors will kill them so they can save hospitals resources and so on. Thus it will lead to a chain of reaction leading to devastating results. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy cites a study done in Netherlands in 1995 to explore the reality of slippery slope argument. The researchers found the slippery slope argument groundless. That is to say, there a clear distinction between voluntary and non voluntary euthanasia, therefore there is no point in saying that legalization of active euthanasia will lead to abuses of non voluntary euthanasia. Moreover if active voluntary euthanasia would be legalized, it would need to be carefully drafted. And the law would have to be rigorously policed, to prevent abuse (Hooker, 2002, pg 30). In the conclusion, as euthanasia has six classifications, each type should be evaluated for moral worth. Some opponents might argue that good palliative care and pain relief measures are adequate and hence euthanasia is not required. However regardless of our maximum effort to provide best palliative care, euthanasia will always be picture. Moreover the price for not allowing active euthanasia will be paid by sufferer whose suffering and pain will increase (Gorman, 1999, p.860), thus active voluntary euthanasia should be legalized. However in order to ensure that people do not misuse it, law should be strictly implemented. In this way, the victim would feel autonomous and will die with dignity.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Sons and Lovers :: Free Essay Writer

Sons and Lovers The Parallels Between Two Families â€Å"It is morning again, and she is still here...† These are the words D.H. Lawrence wrote to a friend describing his terminally ill mother in 1913. â€Å"I look at my mother and think ‘O Heaven-is this what life brings us to?’ You see mother has had a devilish married life, for nearly forty years- and this is the conclusion- no relief.† (Baron’s Educational Series, 1993). At the time this letter was written Lawrence was fictionalizing his relationship with his mother, as well as the rest of his family, in the novel Sons and Lovers . In the novel the Lawrences would be named the Morels, but though the names are different there are many parallels between Sons and Lovers and Lawrence’s own life. These parallels are what make the novel truly autobiographical. However, the strongest evidence of the autobiographical nature of this novel exists in the comparisons between Lawrence and his parents with their fictional counterparts in the book. David Herbert Lawrence was born in 1885, in Eastwood, England. Eastwood is an industrial town, the main industry being coal mining. In the novel, Eastwood becomes the town of Bestwood. As in the novel, Lawrence’s family was poor and working class. Lawrence was a sickly child (Croom, 1996). He had bronchitis a mere two weeks after he was born, and lung problems would plague him all his life, eventually developing into repeated bouts of pneumonia which permanently weakened his lungs (Meyers, p. 248). Eventually, it was tuberculosis, which attacked his weakened lungs, that killed him (Moynahan, p. xiii). At that time, one of the few ways for a poor person to better himself was through education. Lawrence’s mother Lydia recognized this, and encouraged it in young Lawrence. Lawrence started school at the early age of four, but it proved too much for the child. He was withdrawn from school and did not return until he was seven years old. The fact that he was older than the other children when he reentered school set him apart socially. He had few friends, and instead sought out the company of his younger sister, Ada. Despite Lawrence’s late start, he did well in school, and became the first pupil in his school to win a scholarship to Nottingham High School (Croom, p.