Ancient Polytheistic Religion Compared to Judaism Free Essays

Old polytheistic religion contrasted with Judaism Ancient polytheistic and Judaism are two of the most inverse convictions conceivable. Polytheistic conviction is the faith in something other than one god. Polytheism was brought to this world by the antiquated Egyptians and the old Greeks. We will compose a custom paper test on Antiquated Polytheistic Religion Compared to Judaism or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The Greek divine beings regularly assumed the type of being people while the Egyptian divine beings were the fundamental foundation to their convictions and religion. Judaism or the conviction of Monotheism is the confidence in one principle god. Monotheism we brought to the world by the Jewish culture. It was started from the Hebrew book of scriptures and is probably the most established religion despite everything living today.Judaism was a monotheistic religion of the Jews having its otherworldly and moral thoughts epitomized primarily in the Torah and the Talmud. The Torah and the Talmud are a piece of the consecrated book of the Jews which is the good book. The primary development seemed to have emerged in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was established by a gathering of individuals called the Sumerians during the fourth thousand years B. C. E. It lies in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. The Sumerians and their replacements were polytheistic which implies they adored numerous divine beings and goddesses. Their Gods and Goddesses were envisioned in human structure, with human needs and shortcomings. The Mesopotamians accepted that mankind was made to serve the divine beings. The Mesopotamian sanctuaries were run like incredible families where the divine beings were taken care of awesome dinners, engaged with music, and respected with custom. The Mesopotamians had an exceptionally melancholy image of the afterworld. They were kept to a dusty dim netherworld, destined with appetite and thirst except if somebody offered them food or drink. There was no award in being strict on the grounds that everybody was in equivalent wretchedness. Religion had an enormous influence in the writing and craft of Mesopotamia.Poems were recounted the deeds of the divine beings, similar to how the world was made. Likewise sonnets were recounted the extraordinary legend ruler Gilgamesh, who attempted to get away from death by going on an excursion to locate the sole overcomer of the incredible flood. The strict engineering was as sanctuaries in the urban communities. As the Mesopotamian human advancement ascended in the valley of Tigris and Euphrates, the Egyptian progress was fixated on the Nile River. The Egyptians were likewise a polytheistic religion, in that they trusted in numerous divine beings. Egyptian Gods have human bodies, with human or creature heads, and wear crowns or thorns.Egyptian Gods were lords of various things, for example, the sky, sun, earth, and music. The Egyptians love occurred at little holy places; they left contributions to the picked divine beings just as basic petitions. The Egyptians accepted that there the great beyond was brimming with perils, however those risks could be defeated by otherworldly spells in the Book of the Dead. Additionally the Egyptians put stock in the protection of the body and that it was fundamental for existence in the wake of death. The Hittites were an Indo-European, communicating in a language that was identified with the Greek and Sanskrit.The Hittites received Mesopotamian composing alongside numerous different parts of the Mesopotamian culture, including polytheism. The revelation of iron was found in the Hittites district, to some degree before the production of their realm. The revelation prompted the creation of iron weapons and devices as opposed to copper ones. The Discovery of the iron prompted the start of the Iron Age. Other antiquated social orders that were polytheistic were the Persians, and the Assyrians. The Israelites had minimal common influence or riches, however they made a ground-breaking religion, known as Judaism which is a type of monotheism.Judaism was the first and the longest enduring type of monotheism in a universe of polytheism. Judaism is a piece of two different religions that have assumed a major job throughout the entire existence of the world, Christianity and Islam. Monotheism is the confidence in one all inclusive god, who was the maker and leader of the universe. The Jewish God is neither a characteristic power nor like people, or some other sort of animal; he is raised to such an extent that the individuals who put stock in him may not picture him in any structure. I for one best identify with Judaism and having confidence in one single god since I practice the religion of Christianity. I accept the expressions of the book of scriptures and how God is said to have made all types of life and all things. I experienced childhood in a strict family where we went to masses week after week on Sunday mornings and asked when our suppers. I accept that the religion you have been raised up into assumes a tremendous job on your perspective that you best relate to. Alongside your family I additionally accept it’s your very own morals that assume a job in your perspective of religion. Your morals depend on what you accept is correct or wrong.In my religion of being a Catholic, I accept that God made all things and sent Adam and Eve to speak to him in man structure. I likewise accept that Jesus Christ kicked the bucket on the cross, rose to paradise and afterward returned to earth for human salvation and to spare us from transgression. The explanation I don’t have confidence in Polytheism is on the grounds that I think that its difficult to accept that there would be divine beings for a wide range of parts of our reality. I likewise imagine that if a God is assume to be loved and rewarded like an all-powerful that there should just be one individual or God rewarded with the most critical measure of regard. Step by step instructions to refer to Ancient Polytheistic Religion Compared to Judaism, Papers

assessment strategies for day to day assessments Free Essays

Evaluation can be characterized as using grouped strategies to comprehend with profundity and clarity the present cognizance that an understudy has, runing from a straightforward perception to arrange an educator ‘s abstract slant ( developmental examination ) , to a conventional preliminary or investigation ( summational examination ) . The insight of a student is unendingly changing and as an outcome, teachers can do developmental or summational sentiments on understudy achievement by contrasting of their work using a dynamic program of work. Appraisal, developmental or summational, is utilized to quantify an understudy ‘s class, advancement, mark bunch plan, educator bearing and dish to the course of study. We will compose a custom paper test on evaluation techniques for everyday appraisals or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Numerous pundits accept that one signifier of examination ( summational or developmental ) , might be at the disbursal of the other. An announcement perhaps to be tended to somewhere else! For the aims of this exposition, it is driving forward to assume that ; ‘The two signifiers of examination can be proportionally strong developmental evaluation underpins the system of obtaining, summational evaluation quantifies the outcome ‘ ( Kyriacou, 2007, p247 ) . In the undermentioned, I will inquire about the derivation of the use of both developmental and summational evaluation and its topographic point in guidance today, the capacity of examination in my situation school and will prevail upon some consideration on the advantages and pit falls of examination in guidance. The goal of evaluation Evaluation can be arranged as any strategy or action used to gauge the open introduction of an understudy against explicit larning results set out for them by their school. â€Å" Appraisal for Learning is the methodology of looking for and interpreting justification for utilization by researchers and their educators to make up one’s psyche where the researchers are in their obtaining, where they have to make a trip and how best to secure at that place. † A ( Assessment Reform Group, 2002 ) Examination in guidance has seen a huge ascent in prevalence since the introduction of the National Curriculum in 1988 for two grounds ; first it is the organizations by which authoritiess can mensurate the instructive final result of some random school against different schools locally and broadly, with the standpoint of raising instructive rules, and besides, teachers have logically understood the estimation of continuous evaluation for illuminating them regarding and controlling them in their guidance methodology. The regularly utilized goals for evaluation are as per the following: †To flexibly the teacher with criticism sing student progression. This empowers the educator to see the effectivity of their guidance sing the understudy achieving their obtaining results. Specific misinterpretations or occupations might be featured as a result, leting for be aftering for therapeutic activity or amended learning techniques. To gracefully the understudy with instructional input. This empowers the understudy to quantify their rule of neutralize a given guidelines or anticipated standard. Utilizing elaborate input, understudies may comprehend the attitudes toward them from some random bit of work all the more obviously, and use to redress and better their work. To impel understudies. Positive criticism can viably energize thought process. To flexibly a record of headway. Normal examination empowers the educator and the school to keep up a conclusive record of understudy accomplishment over a drawn-out time of clasp, empowering the teacher to do explicit assessments sing the understudy ‘s present and future instructive requests. It is curiously useful in setting particular occupations or inconveniences. An understudy ‘s record of headway will be utilized when pass oning with associates and educating guardians. It might other than help a teacher to reexamine their instructive techniques when learning comparable gatherings in the great beyond. To gracefully an announcement of exact achievement. By using explicit fulfillment measures, the understudy ‘s level of achievement at some random clasp can be evaluated. To gauge understudy ‘s readiness for future procurement. Understudies can be surveyed against their readiness to course new nations of procurement, regardless of whether they experience a particular obtaining difficulties or in the event that they have practically secured old larning important for the educator to proceed with a particular subject. Absence of comprehension for this situation would approach further making arrangements for amended obtaining and preparing by the teacher. To flexibly grounds of teacher and school effectivity. The examination of student achievement and record of their progression gives an indicant of the achievement and effectivity of the teacher and the school. Information is utilized in nearby and national insights which may affect the school ‘s notoriety or bolster possibilities. ( Q1, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13 ) Summational Appraisal Summational Assessment distinguishes the measure of accomplishment accomplished at some random point in the school twelvemonth, albeit typically completed at the terminal of a class of work or terminal of the school twelvemonth. Different methods of estimating obtaining, some of the time alluded to as ‘multiple reaction habits ‘ can be utilized to determine grounds of understudy securing, for outline tick sheets and portfolios, however the most great perceived representation of summational testing is the prominent Standard Attainment Tests ( SATs ) taken broadly at the terminal of Key Stage 1 and 2, and utilized by authoritiess to quantify the instructive final result of single schools and distributed in League Tables. The outcomes show the degree ( underneath, on mark or above for their age ) a child is working at, evaluated against eight National Educational program Target Levels which empowers the school ( or feeder school ) to do programs for the child ‘s future procurement and schools to discover on the off chance that they are adapting usefully, by the looking at of their entire school and understudies ‘ open introduction against national results. ( Q12, Q13 ) Developmental Appraisal ‘An examination movement can help larning in the event that it gives data to be utilized as criticism by educators and their understudies in estimating themselves and one another, to alter the guidance and obtaining exercises in which they are locked in. Such evaluation becomes developmental examination when the grounds is truly used to suit the guidance to run into learning requests ‘ . ( Black et al, 2002, p2 ) Developmental Assessment has increased a prominent in ongoing mature ages following the presentation of the National Curriculum and the distribution of the Assessment Reform Groups ‘ ( ARG, 2002 ) summarize of research which shaped the balance for the 10 guidelines for Assessment for Learning ( AfL ) ( 2002 ) . Continuous developmental evaluation depends on the casual, synergistic and subjective estimating of the examination of understudy larning during common schoolroom exercises. Educators utilize an extent of plans in various settings and for various aims, while focusing on how students learn. This assault empowers educators to quickly put errors and misinterpretations and advance efficacious from this point forward larning for their understudies using customary, useful and developmental composed and unwritten criticism with the aim of empowering understudies to do great progression. Customized and separated procurement got to by means of each twenty-four hours Assessment for Learning ( AfL ) , is connected inseparably with comprehensive, Quality First ( National Strategies, 2010 ) Teaching and understudy obtaining, ‘the proficient utilization of evaluation designs which supplement and facilitate the trademarks of adequate guidance is key ‘ ( Kyriacou, 2007, p106 ) and ought to be a worked in segment of each exercise. The effect of congrats and positive criticism, while abstaining from contrasting and different understudies, can hold far creation impacts on the researcher ‘s fight, eagerness and affirmation. By plainly sharing the obtaining points ( what is to be realized ) and the securing results or achievement principles ( what the children will be required to make one time they have learned it ) , the educator also, understudy are so ready to indict in the strategy of evaluation, using plans the teacher regards ‘fit for purpose ‘ with regards to the exercise. Through perception and tuning in to accumulate knowledge ; oppugning and entire class duologue ; giving unwritten and composed input and getting ready for bunch talk, AfL empowers the researcher be effectively connect with, to comprehend the nature of their work and how to better their procurement. There is other than grounds that low attainers and students with explicit larning requests or disablements particularly advantage from developmental examination. ‘Learners need data and advice so as to be subsequent to following stairss in their procurement. Educators should: nail the researcher ‘s qualities and rede on the most proficient method to create them ; be clear and productive about any failings and how they may be tended to ; gracefully risks for researchers to better upon their work. ( Assessment Reform Group, 2002, p. 2 ) ( Q1, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q19, Q26b ) Evaluation plans for day by day examination during the exercise Addressing aë†? Requesting that requests measure kids ‘s get bringing down focuses, so as to quantify accomplishment degree and plan/adjust obtaining and guidance exercises thus. aë†? Soliciting an extension from requests, from genuine to higher-request ( detached and shut requests ) , leting understudies ‘think cut ‘ which will advance a more profound dread of the request presented. aë†? Utilizing talk companions and guaranting all are occupied with answering requests. Utilizing oppugning to arraign in single and entire class duologue. Recognizing aë†? Watching kids at their work, tuning in to their treat

Is Romeo and Juliet an effective piece of drama Essay Example

Is Romeo and Juliet a viable bit of show? Article One of Shakespeares prior plays, Romeo and Juliet never accomplished a remaining as one of the four greats; it was his first anecdotal catastrophe and was composed with lovely naivety. In any case, the reason for this exposition will be to survey what merits it has just as those it doesnt. Right off the bat, the plot: of the seven essential stories concurred on by most show observers this is the darlings; and the all inclusive intrigue of this subject makes it a quite secure group puller. There are a lot of preoccupations from this ladylike establishment the play is somewhat uncovered where comic intermissions are concerned however there is a lot of viciousness, Tybalt and Romeos battle the common model. Or maybe disappointingly, Shakespeare didnt really concoct the essential plot to this content: it was a typical yarn which can be followed back to Luigi Da Porto in 1530. Shakespeares adjustment has numerous unique characters, Benvolio and Mercutio for instance, yet this conspicuous literary theft (which wasnt a wrongdoing in the seventeenth century) is a let-down to current crowds. We will compose a custom article test on Is Romeo and Juliet a successful bit of show? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Is Romeo and Juliet a viable bit of show? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Is Romeo and Juliet a compelling bit of dramatization? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Inventively for the period Shakespeares play has two heroes (Romeo and Juliet) a strategy which is successful in various manners: the occasions can be uncovered from the point of view of the two characters (for example in the event that Juliet isnt in a specific scene we despite everything have Romeo to relate to), and watchers of both genders have a character to recognize by. Romeo develops as an individual all through, advancing from his puerile connection to Rosaline (the valuable fortune of his vision) who chooses to live in purity (what she let him know, at any rate) to the more inconspicuous similitudes of his warmth to Juliet (doth advance the hand of there knight; which seems as though hes putting forth a greater amount of an attempt to state something very similar); and whos fortified love towards Juliet is sufficient for self destruction, while the loss of Rosaline, but in an alternate fashion*, incited a scenes worth of sulking. Possibly the steady improvement of a charact ers characteristics instead of the moderate disintegration of Lear and Macbeth is the thing that brings down R+Js remaining as an incredible catastrophe; or perhaps the all the more intriguing passings of the previous two underline the occasion of their terminating and explain the class. Juliet experiences to a lesser degree a change, as we just observe her sentimental characteristics concentrated on one man (separating is such sweet distress), yet there is clearly a decrease in her circumstance as she is dismissed by her folks (do as thou shrivel, for Ill have finished with thee) and an expansion when she apologizes later (this is as t ought to be), yet presumably not up to a similar level as in the past: she has uncovered their actual emotions towards her in the past contention. Hers being a casualty of more prominent agony and incongruity (thusly intrigue) we may be enticed to be influenced most by it; this continuous increment of distress at mortalities (Tybalt, Romeo, Juliet) neutralizes the decline welcomed on by the recurrence of them. The two characters affections for one another structure the reason for the entire play (to some degree induced in the title); and a nearby examination of the illustrations utilized in their contact uncovers Romeo to be the most energetic, contrasting her with a gem (doth enhance the hand of there knight); the skys stud (or the moon); for earth excessively dear; and, at long last, a holiness (on the off chance that I profane with my unworthiest hand), while Juliet envisions the previous as a blossom (a rose by some other name would smell as sweet); (bud of adoration). On the other hand, Juliet could be the most sensible of the pair, less slanted to misrepresent, with Romeo holding a portion of his Rosaline-incited adolescence. This is additionally settled when Juliet attempts a significantly more agonizing and brave self destruction than Romeo, requiring additional guts and a more grounded wretchedness at the loss of her accomplice (we dont know whether Romeo wouldnt have done, howeve r). On the other hand, this differentiation in sentimental language could be a consequence of the characters sexual orientations blossoms more womanly than godlikeness (Christianity practically all inclusive in England, their divinity typically embodied as a man; ladies dont normally get the best treatment in sacred writings) either by Shakespeares generalizations or custom-made to the crowds. The classification of devious monster who gets it in the neck at long last is filled by Tybalt, Juliets cousin and Romeos chief foe. Each great dramatization must have a reprobate, giving an essential help to the men in the crowd, who may feel sick of all the reverence. This job gets all the best emulate lines (come in demonstrate hatred for, seriousness this night) and is somewhat of a personification, despite the fact that the good ways from the crowd required a progressively overstated feeling of articulation as motions were darkened. Rhyme may have filled a similar need the consistency of lines forestalling distortion when barely discernible. No compelling show can be created without strain worked from difference, and there is a lot of this in Shakespeare. Right off the bat, there is a purposeful variety in scene length (which is very intense considering this was 400 years before the procedure was encouraged by TV) in the play, for instance in the principal demonstration there is an away from of two long scenes (14 pages, 16 pages) trailed by two generally a large portion of their length (5,8) and back (18). The demonstrations are opened by prefaces another technique for changing segment terms. The impact of this is to forestall the crowd anticipating the activity if all the scenes take up generally a similar measure of time onlookers will figure with a sensible level of precision when a huge occasion will occur (not for the most part in the center of a Scene). Another manner by which Shakespeare accomplishes differentiate is by changing the mind-set not in every case appropriately. He does this toward the start of Act one Scene 5. The previously mentioned Scene initiates with an occupied and left comic recess including the workers of Capulet the endeavor at humor isn't as evident as in Shakespeares regular intermissions (the doorman in Macbeth, for instance, which appears to be fairly youthful for our venerated troubadour) yet in itself is a successful bit of dramatization; how important this scene is with regards to the disaster is disputable in any case: it dilutes the environment to some degree, however you need to sell-out a piece to fill the modest seats I assume. At any rate it isn't so interesting, the skiving dishwasher with the entertaining name (wheres Potpan?) the furthest it goes; the assortment and shading, alongside the understanding into the gathering accept need most definitely. The anticipating utilized in this play isn't actually up to Arthur Conan-Doyle standard, in spite of the fact that in demonstration three scene five there is an unexpected remark spoken by Juliet about wishing Romeo harmed (on the off chance that you could discover yet a man to hold up under toxin I would temper it that Romeo ought to upon receipt thereof before long snooze calm) however this is practically futile: the occasions are uncovered promptly in the preamble. In a flash this appears to be a troubling disillusionment; yet it permits the crowd to focus on the more unpretentious messages of the play: marriage in those days was to a greater extent a business suggestion than a joining of darlings, and the way that Juliet is eager to leave everybody she knows to wed somebody she is warm towards as opposed to a rich and attractive set-up (it is a respect I wish not of); however the way that Pride and Prejudice was all the while making the point 200 years after the fact says somethi ng regarding the impact of writing. However any kind of social remark could make you a mixed drink stick in Shakespeares day. Some slight mental meanings can be found in the content. The well known expression whats in a name can be related with the thoughts on generalizing by sociologists, for example, A. H. Halsey, and the between bunch relations of the two families likewise fit into this class. Another point worth referencing with respect to the importance of the play (anyway Im not certain if its significant) is that in the book I Claudius Robert Graves names two Gods, Roma and Julius, in matching. Its most likely a happenstance, seeing as Roma (Romeo) speaks to the female soul of the Roman Empire; Julius (Juliet) is a proposed God for Julius Caesar however you never know. The two of them got cut. The is an evident uncommonness of stage and set bearings in this play (for instance, all through this Scene the main headings in participation either direct the development of on-screen characters on and off the stage or the beneficiary of a line ([To Juliet]), except for one notification, teaching a move to commence; as far as set depictions, an ordinary short sentence (the road, next to the nurseries of the Capulet house) is given) could be said to show a blas㠯⠿â ½ way to deal with emotional effect. On the other hand, I can't help suspecting that hes wisely encouraging the continuance of his work: excepting the language, the play has a genuinely mysterious date to it a large portion of the subjects are entirely general: love, passing, destiny, struggle; albeit another, religion, has lost a portion of its capacity these days. The absence of guidance for talking lines (for example forcefully, or with a drawl) implies that the play can be performed totally distinctively without fail (the scene with the hirelings alone could be anything from droll to ruthlessness); this implies (like Beethovens fifth) a similar theater-goer can watch the play ordinarily and be guaranteed of an alternate and intriguing presentation. With the immortal set depictions (the road, adjacent to the nurseries of the Capulet house, could be set anyplace among 900ad and a hundred years later) the play can be adjusted in practically boundless manners -

Intercultural communication Essaypilot

The countdown began exactly three months and four days ago, for Benny, when he finally came to term with the idea of moving. What other option does he have after all? Struggling with his old patchy leather pass -me-down suitcase, he managed to fit in the very few clothes and shoe he thought important to start a new life elsewhere, at least he wouldnt have to be worried about being mocked for wearing the same old clothes he has had recycled on his body for the last four years. Just like in the movies, Benny stared deeply at every corner of his tight cornered room like he was taking in the most minute detail of the environment he had known for the last nineteen years, but no, this is no movie, I hope I never remember this place as soon as I leave, he muttered with a smirk. Running to the train station, as usual, in his always late mode, to catch the last train towards the airport, he felt a mix of exhilaration and nervousness rising from his gut to his throat, but he kept on running anyways. Finally at the airport, two hours forty-six minutes later, he was right on time for his flight. Arrhhh! Benny exclaimed quietly, this was one of his best achievements so far he made it on time to his destination, very on time, because he had roughly twenty seven minutes to window shop before check-in. He was finally leaving Jordan. Benny arrived Heathrow airport looking like a monument of exhaustion, for that was the longest trip he had never had. Collecting his luggage, and following the trail of the crowd of people towards the arrival like he was a part of them, he soon saw hands raised, holding a placard with his name. As he walked faster towards those raised hands, he was once again met with that exhilarating and nervous mix of emotions he had hours earlier in Jordan. Hello, you are Richard? he asked the grayish green-eyed guy holding his name up, and before he got a response from the beautiful British young man standing in front of him, he had thrown his arms around him, and kissed him on both cheeks. Ohhh, hello to you too, Beh- nam, did I get that right? Stuttered, Richard, who stood flushed with amusement. Dont worry, you can call me Benny, he answered sheepishly, I have make my name sound more English like you, brother he responded proudly with his best English accent. Pardon my manners guys Benny, mee t Egsy, my friend, Egsy, meet Behnam, sorry, Benny, my brother!Within minutes, they were en route Las Iguana one of Richards favourite restaurant since his last vacation to Machu Picchu. He barely cooked, except for days he had a lady to impress or when he needed a favor from his late mother or when he simply missed her absence unusually. I wouldnt count on the meal you had on the plane as food enough, so I thought to reserve us a place at the restaurant to have dinner, if thats ok Benny Yes, Yes, that is good, you know, I like good food, he said giggling, and that is why I cook very well. I learn good cooking very well in Jordan Benny responded. Lovely, I am sure you would love the food, welcome to England then! Benny wished his brain could soak and store up the tiniest detail of every scene oozing out of the autumn climate, as he looked out the window, while Egsy and Richard sang along to Coldplays Viva la Vida. Can I ask you a favour brother?  You know you can call me Richie, l ike Egsy does, you would sound less awkward, and not so newbie Richard said forcing a smile and hoping he didnt sound conspicuously offensive. In honesty, he would rather Benny made him less nervous with the brother term while he still tried getting used to the reality of living with a non-existent existing sibling. Ð ²So what is it, you alright?  Ã‚  he asked. I am thinking if you will like to take me to mothers grave. Please. You know, aleayilat hi kl shay Excuse me? Sorry, sorry, what I mean is, family is everything. Mother is very important to me, to everybody. Although, it was the last request Richard had expected to be asked, but maybe, he could replace his depression and fear of visiting his mothers grave again, with the anxiety of having his new sibling around, just maybe It had been over a year and eight months living together with Benny. The brothers had successfully built a frenemy relationship. Benny had made a habit of visiting their mothers grave almost every Thursd ay a habit Richie often called mental torture. Though it was Bennys way of making up a little for the lost years, which Richie quite understood sometimes, but his brothers binging on every picture of their mom and uttering his now habitual aleayilat hi kl shay hasnt helped their struggling brotherly bonding either. Jana, their mother, was fifteen when she got pregnant to another man different from whom she was betrothed. Being abused physically and verbally during and after her pregnancy, led her to meeting one of the expats in Jordan, who would later fall in love and fight until he succeeded in taking her with him to London. Her dead mothers words were true after all, hnak amal there is hope. Her hope felt incomplete because she couldnt have her son, who had been taken away. Years later, with help from her father before he passed away, as his only way of apologizing for not being the father he should have been to her, he helped reconnect her with her son. And from that moment, she went every length to see that Behnam, her son, her first child, could finally come live with her and Richie as a family. When Behnams visa was finally sorted, he was almost a year late, because Jana had lost her battle to cancer but won the battle of having both of her sons live together in England. Benny and Richie had been running the business together under the guidance of Mr. Graham, Richies godfather. They had began to experience some financial challenges and needed every move they could to salvage their mothers legacy. From discrepancies in the companys account, to some sneaky deal approvals by Uncle Graham siras Benny preferably called him, there was too much wrong going on somewhere, but Richie wouldnt heed his observations or advices. They were at the verge of bankruptcy, and every move Benny brought to the table had been subtly rejected. While Benny pressed Richie during a chat to know why he was not only being made to feel inconsequential but his efforts as well, Richie, yelled at him, with the response, the boards of directors know better than to follow a boy from the medieval world!  A fight sure broke out. Richards health scare became more serious, as he passed out during a meeting. He was later diagnosed with a rare form of a disease, with quite a slim chance of being cured. He would have to rely on medications to manage him, while he waited a couple of months to know if he could be cured, based on ongoing research. Benny helped nurse his brother to recovery, and was soon back on his feet, at the helm of affairs. Business continued as usual, still laden with financial challenges, that they began cutting down on everything. There was a conspiracy Benny lost his shares of the company, was kicked out, and arrested. Four months into his jail time, it was discovered Mr. Graham had masterminded everything wrong from the beginning. He hated knowing Jana had another son who could deprive him of his long planned sinister move, and so manipulated Richie to selling him out.Weeks after Benny got out he was set to move on, so he packed all that mattered to him once again, and was ready to go back to the only home he knew besides England, back to Jordan. At least he wasnt going back the same way he came, he thought, to console himself. While at his place of business, about five months later, he received a call from Richie telling him he was been scheduled for surgery in three weeks. Benny, you have taught me that it takes more than being called a brother to be one, you call me brother, and have been a brother indeed, even when I failed you so many times, because I didnt understand what you understood about family. I am calling because, I miss you Benny, and because you are family, my only brother. If I make it out of this surgery, I hope I can make up for every misunderstanding I have caused. Its ok we dont stay angry at family forever. Good-luck with surgery, and I will be praying for you brother. Weeks later, while being wheeled into surgery, he opened his eyes to see Egsy, his best friend squeezing his hands to show him support, and then sees another face beside him, saying, I will be here waiting and praying for you brother. He smiled and closed his eyes peacefully.**The Character, Benny is a dynamic one, as he grew from being just a humble and inexperienced nineteen year old boy from a developing nation to being a co-owner of an inherited company in a developed country. The Third-Person-Limited point of view was used because it allowed the narrator to give unbiased expression to each character. The turning point of the story was when Benny became outspoken about being indirectly discriminated against, and being just a ceremonial co-CEO with no evident input whatsoever, and when he went to prison for a crime he knew nothing of, and lacked support from the only family he had. Metaphor, euphemism, oxymoron, repetition were literary devices used.

What Is the Latin Word Order

One of the most commonly asked questions about Latin syntax is What is the word order? In an inflected language like Latin, the order of the words is less important than the ending regarding determining how each word functions in the sentence. A Latin sentence can be written subject first followed by the verb, followed by the object, just as in English. This form of the sentence is referred to as SVO. The Latin sentence can also be written a variety of other ways: English: The girl loves the dog. SVO Latin: Puella canem amat. SOVCanem puella amat. OSVAmat puella canem. VSOAmat canem puella. VOSCanem amat puella. OVSPuella amat canem. SVO Although the Latin word order is flexible, conventionally the Romans adhered to one of these forms for a simple declarative sentence, but with many exceptions. The most common form is the first Latin one above, SOV, (1): Puella canem amat. The ending on the nouns tells their roles in the sentence. The first noun, puella girl, is a singular noun in the nominative case, so it is the subject. The second noun, canem dog, has an accusative singular ending, so it is the object. The verb has a third person singular verb ending, so it goes with the subject of the sentence. Word Order Provides Emphasis Since Latin doesnt require word order for basic comprehension, the fact that there is a fallback word order suggests that there is something word order does that the inflection doesnt do. Latin word order is varied to emphasize particular words or for variety. Postponement, placing of words in unexpected positions, and juxtaposition were ways Romans achieved emphasis in their sentences, according to an excellent, public domain online Latin grammar, A Latin Grammar, by William Gardner Hale and Carl Darling Buck. First and last words are most important in writing. Speech is different: When talking, people emphasize words with pauses and pitch, but regarding Latin, most of us are more concerned with how to translate or write it than how to speak it. The girl loves the dog is, superficially, a pretty boring sentence, but if the context were one where the expected object of her affection was a boy, then when you say the girl loves the dog, the dog is unexpected, and it becomes the most important word. To emphasize it you would say (2): Canem puella amat. If you had mistakenly thought the girl despised the dog, it would be the word love that required emphasis. The last place in the sentence is emphatic, but you could move it to an unexpected spot, at the front, to highlight further the fact that she loves it: (3): Amat puella canem. Further Details Lets add a modifier: You have a lucky (felix) girl who loves the dog today (hodie). You would say in the basic SOV format: (7): Puella felix canem hodie amat. An adjective modifying a noun, or a genitive governing it, generally follows the noun, at least for the first noun in the sentence. Romans often separated modifiers from their nouns, thereby creating more interesting sentences. When there are pairs of nouns with modifiers, the nouns, and their modifiers may be ringed (chiastic construction ABba [Noun1-Adjective1-Adjective2-Noun2]) or parallel (BAba [Adjective1-Noun1-Adjective2-Noun2]). Assuming we know that the girl is lucky and happy and the boy is the one who is brave and strong, (nouns A and a, adjectives B and b) you could write: (8): fortis puer et felix puella (BAba parallel)strong boy and fortunate girl(9): puer fortis et felix puella (ABba chiastic)boy strong and fortunate girlHere is a variation on the same theme:(10): Aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem (BbAa) This is a so-called silver line.golden purple ties brooch garmentA golden brooch ties the purple garment.It is a line of Latin written by a master of Latin poetry, Vergil (Virgil) [Aeneid 4.139]. Here the verb precedes the subject-noun, which precedes the object-noun [VSO]. Hale and Buck provide other examples of variation on the SOV theme, which they say is rarely found, despite its being the standard. If youve been paying close attention, you may have wondered why I threw in the adverb hodie. It was to present the sentence ring that the subject-noun and verb form around their modifiers. Just as the adjective goes after the emphasized first word, so the modifier of the verb precedes the emphatic final position (Noun-Adjective-Adverb-Verb). Hale and Buck elaborate with the following useful rules for modifiers of the verb: a. The normal order of the modifiers of the verb and the verb itself is:1. Remoter modifiers (time, place, situation, cause, means, etc.).2. Indirect object.3. Direct object.4. Adverb.5. Verb. Remember: Modifiers tend to follow their noun and precede their verb in the basic SOV sentence.Although SOV is the basic structure, you may not find it very often.

Divorce And Its Effects On Social Life - 1627 Words

Over the years, the topic of divorce has grown to become the essence of attention and discussions thus making it a serious social problem. Indisputably, divorces cause a lot of negative effects, such as, the impact on social life, a major contributor to serious health problems and even development and behavioral problems in the innocent children who involuntarily are dragged through the process. In the pages that follow, this paper will discuss both mental and physical challenges that marriages encounter and try to ascertain whether or not these strained marriages should be given a chance a recovery. Based on the definition obtained from ppsychologytoday.com Marriage is the process by which two people make their relationship public,†¦show more content†¦It is therefore extremely important to examine the reasons why an individual may have a change of heart about being with someone after exchanging vows to remain together until death. According to the legaldictionary.com th e legal grounds for termination of a marriage may be based on the fault of one or more parties demise of the relationship, or it may be no fault. Grounds for a fault divorce constitute adultery or infidelity, abandonment which represents the top reasons for divorce based on a study conducted by Austin-institute.org in 2014. 37% of the responders stated that Infidelity was the reason for requesting a divorce while abandonment represents 32% of the reason. Based on the same study the issue that has the least potential to cause a divorce was alcohol and drug abuse ranking the lowest with 23% (Austin-institute.org). There is multiple definition of the word abandonment, however, for the sake of this paper we will be using the definition obtained from the legaldictionary.com which states that marital abandonment occurs when a spouse leaves the home without the knowledge or consent of the other spouse. However, to prove abandonment, the innocent spouse must show that the accused spouse left voluntarily and had no true intention of returning. It must be noted that when a spouse leaves for military service, or flees to escape domestic abuse, it is notShow MoreRelatedDivorce Is A Social Problem1180 Words   |  5 Pages Divorce Maydelis Escalona Professor Dr. Joyce A. Wuaku SOCL 1020 Introduction to Sociology 8 January 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Review of Literature 4 Conclusion 5 Reference List 6 â€Æ' Divorce Introduction Divorce is a legal action between to married people to end their marriage (Meyer, 2015). Divorce is a social problem in today’s society; it has become an epidemic (Alwin McCammon, 2003). In fact, it is very common for couples to get divorce (Alwin McCammon, 2003)Read MoreDivorce Rate And Divorce Rates1224 Words   |  5 PagesDivorce rate also known as divorce demography, which is the study of demographic factors that impact divorced as a social phenomenon, the divorce demography can clearly evaluate and reflect the marriage stability and happiness index of certain countries or area and that is the reason why data statistics of divorce rate is important. According to ONS (Office of National Statistics), the divorce rate has not been that low since 1974, when it was 0.9%. The number of divorces in 2014 was declined toRead MoreEssay about Effects of divorce on elementary-school aged children1279 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, divorce rates are at an all time high. A divorc e between the parents of elementary students can be devastating in a young child’s life. Divorce causes stress for children not only at home, but also at school. Children of divorced or separated parents often have to commute between houses. Not only do they have to deal with the pain of parents separating, they also may feel as if they caused their parent’s problems. Parental divorce has negative effects on children’s academic achievementRead Morethe effects of divorce on children and adolescents Essay example1035 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The effects of Divorce on Children and adolescents Divorce or the parent separation is a major life change for the children and can lead to dreadful consequences. Divorce affects children and adolescents negatively, from different aspects resulting from the change in their family and the multiple stressors that they are facing. The Psychological, educational, emotional and social effects of divorce can be really devastating for both parent and children. Children andRead MoreFactors Responsible for the Probability of Divorce1009 Words   |  4 PagesProbability of Divorce: Contrary to the reality in western industrialized nations, there is a common assumption that longer life-spans contribute to longer marriages. As the average length of marriage remains significantly the same, the reason for the end of marriage has changed from death to divorce. Actually, its currently estimated that half of marriages in the United States will end either in separation or divorce before the 20th wedding anniversaries of the couples. The other half of theseRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Divorce in American Culture1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. More often than not people decide to get a divorce before they really think about the effects of divorce. People usually decide to get a divorce based on emotion rather than logic whichRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On Children s Socio Economic Success Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesOra Fudge English 1302.41430 Prof. Savage 4 Dec. 2016 Effects of Divorce on Children s Socio-Economic Success The family is the lowest unit within the social structure. Basically, a family consists of a couple and their children. Socially, a â€Å"full† family unit is respected while â€Å"one† units are stigmatized. In the past decade, an extensive literature has been developed in relation to the interplay between family structure, family change and child outcomes. In the developed world, marriage isRead MoreEssay about How Divorce is Affecting the American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. There are many areas in which divorce has a negative effect in the life of a child or an adult. Many of these effects also directly correlate to the effect on a society. HoweverRead MoreHow Social Networks Can Be Broken Down Into Two Categories910 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a divorce takes place, it affects not only the direct families, but their social networks as well. Gravonetter (1973) defined the strength of a social network as a â€Å"combination of time and intimacy† (p. 1361). Social networks can be broken down into two categories: the stronger and the weaker ties. According to Gravonetter (1973), the stronger ties are the families, close friends, college friends, social circles and even co-workers. These are the people that an individual shares memories ofRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On The United States1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Children Divorce is comparable to an epidemic since it has been filtering through many societies at an increasingly alarming rate. According to the most current statistic, there are more than 2.1 million marriages in the United States (â€Å"Children of Divorced Parents†). Out of those, almost half end in divorce. Divorce nowadays is extremely common. In fact, in America there is one divorce every thirty-six seconds (National Marriage and Divorce Rate Trends†). Each year over

Causes of Climate Change free essay sample

Causes of Climate Change Climate change is a long-term shift in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change can involve both changes in average conditions and changes in variability, including, for example, extreme events. The earths climate is naturally variable on all time scales. However, its long-term state and average temperature are regulated by the balance between incoming and outgoing energy, which determines the Earths energy balance. Learn more about the Earths climate system here Any factor that causes a sustained change to the amount of incoming energy or the amount of outgoing energy can lead to climate change. As these factors are external to the climate system, they are referred to as climate forcers, invoking the idea that they force or push the climate towards a new long-term state either warmer or cooler depending on the cause of change. Different factors operate on different time scales, and n ot all of those factors that have been responsible for changes in earths climate in the distant past are relevant to contemporary climate change. Factors that cause climate change can be divided into two categories those related to natural processes and those related to human activity. In addition to natural causes of climate change, changes internal to the climate system, such as variations in ocean currents or atmospheric circulation, can also influence the climate for short periods of time. This natural internal climate variability is superimposed on the long-term forced climate change. * Natural Causes * Human Causes * Short lived and long lived climate forcers Natural Causes The Earths climate can be affected by natural factors that are external to the climate system, such as changes in volcanic activity, solar output, and the Earths orbit around the Sun. Of these, the two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate change are changes in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. In terms of the Earths energy balance, these factors primarily influence the amount of incoming energy. Volcanic eruptions are episodic and have relatively short-term effects on climate. Changes in solar irradiance have contributed to climate trends over the past century but since the Industrial Revolution, the effect of additions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has been about ten times that of changes in the Suns output. Human Causes Climate change can also be caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for forestry and agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, these human influences on the climate system have increased substantially. In addition to other environmental impacts, these activities change the land surface and emit various substances to the atmosphere. These in turn can influence both the amount of incoming energy and the amount of outgoing energy and can have both warming and cooling effects on the climate. The dominant product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The overall effect of human activities since the Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases. The build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect. It is this human-induced enhancement of the greenhouse effect that is of concern because ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential to warm the planet to levels that have never been experienced in the history of human civilization. Such climate change could have far-reaching and/or unpredictable environmental, social, and economic consequences. Short-lived and long-lived climate forcers Carbon dioxide is the main cause of human-induced climate change. It has been emitted in vast quantities from the burning of fossil fuels and it is a very long-lived gas, which means it continues to affect the climate system during its long residence time in the atmosphere. However, fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, agriculture, and forestry-related activities emit other substances that also act as climate forcers. Some, such as nitrous oxide, are long-lived greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, and so contribute to long-term climate change. Other substances have shorter atmospheric lifetimes because they are removed fairly quickly from the atmosphere. Therefore, their effect on the climate system is similarly short-lived. Together, these short-lived climate forcers are responsible for a significant amount of current climate forcing from anthropogenic substances. Some short-lived climate forcers have a climate warming effect (positive climate forcers) while others have a cooling effect (negative climate forcers). If atmospheric levels of short-lived climate forcers are continually replenished by ongoing emissions, these continue to exert a climate forcing. However, reducing emissions will quite quickly lead to reduced atmospheric levels of such substances. A number of short-lived climate forcers have climate warming effects and together are the most important contributors to the human enhancement of the greenhouse effect after carbon dioxide. This includes methane and tropospheric ozone both greenhouse gases and black carbon, a small solid particle formed from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels (coal, oil and wood for example). Other short-lived climate forcers have climate cooling effects, most notably sulphate aerosols. Fossil fuel combustion emits sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere (in addition to carbon dioxide) which then combines with water vapour to form tiny droplets (aerosols) which reflect sunlight. Sulphate aerosols remain in the atmosphere for only a few days (washing out in what is referred to as acid rain), and so do not have the same long-term effect as greenhouse gases. The cooling from sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere has, however, offset some of the warming from other substances. That is, the warming we have experienced to date would have been even larger had it not been for elevated levels of sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere.

Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay Example

Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay (India) Ltd. is one of the most outstanding public enterprises in the country today. It is one of the â€Å"NAVRATNA ENTERPRISES† and ranks among the top five companies in India. It is India’s flagship natural gas company, integrated all aspects of the natural gas value chain (including Exploration and Production, Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services. In a rapidly changing scenario, XYZ COMPANY (India) is spearheading the move to a new era of clean fuel industrialization, creating a quadrilateral of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centres in India with major gas fields, LNG terminals and other cross border gas sourcing points. XYZ COMPANY is also expanding its business to become a player in International market has completed nearly two and half decades of an eventful journey. Starting with a natural gas transmission company, it is today an integrated energy company along the natural gas value chain with global footprints. Having started as a gas transmission company during the late eighties, it grew organically over the years by building a large network of natural gas trunk pipelines covering a length of around 7000 Km. Today, XYZ Company has interests in the business of natural gas, LPG, liquid hydrocarbons and petrochemicals, the latter being value added products. The company has also entered in telecom sector by leasing bandwidth available through the OFC which is laid along the gas pipelines for their operations and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer XYZ COMPANY has also diversified into exploration and production, city gas distribution and is steadily developing an overseas presence etc. XYZ COMPANY is one of the leading public enterprises with a consistently excellent financial track record. Turnover during the last ten years has shown a compounded annual growth rate of 13 percent. The company recorded a turnover of Rs 180. 08 billion and a profit after tax of Rs. 26. 01 billion in FY 2007-08. The Company has also received authorization from the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas to lay 5 new pipelines and in addition, augmentation of 3 existing pipelines is also being taken up. This will lead to doubling of pipelines length and transmission capacity in the next 4 to 5 years. VISION- Be a leading company in natural gas and beyond, with global focus, committed to customer care, value creation for all stakeholders and environmental responsibility. MISSION- Accelerating and optimizing the effective and economic use of natural gas and its fractions to the benefit of national economy. MAJOR BUSINESS SEGMENTS †¢ Natural gas †¢ Petrochemicals †¢ Exploration and production †¢ LPG and other Liquid hydrocarbons †¢ Telecommunication HISTORY OF THE ORGANISATION XYZ COMPANY (India) Ltd. India’s principal gas transmission and marketing company, was set up by the Government Of India in August 1984 to create gas sector infrastructure for sustained development of the natural gas sector in the country. The 2800 Kms Hazira-Vijaipur (HVJ) pipeline became operational in 1991. During 1991-1993, three LPG plants were constructed and some regional pi pelines acquired, enabling XYZ COMPANY to begin its regional gas distribution in various parts of India. XYZ COMPANY began its city gas distribution in Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine CNG stations, catering to the city’s vast public transport fleet. In 1999, XYZ COMPANY set up northern India’s only petrochemical plant in Pata. XYZ COMPANY became the first infrastructural provider category II Licensee and signed the country’s first service level agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaipur in 2001, through its telecom business XYZ COMPANYTEL. In 2001, XYZ COMPANY commissioned worlds longest and India first cross country LPG Transmission Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni. XYZ COMPANY today has reached new milestone with its strategic diversification into Petrochemicals, Telecom and Liquid hydrocarbons besides gas infrastructure. The company has also extended its presence in Power, Liquefied Natural Gas re-gasification, city gas distribution and exploration Production through equity and joint ventures participations. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED is the country’s largest gas transmission company in India with 88% market share. Through that XYZ Company acts as a single gas transmission company, and taking the leverage through this dominance. †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED currently owns and operates around 58% of the total onshore pipeline network, which shows its potency. XYZ COMPANY is present in complete value chain of Gas business, through transmission, gas processing to marketing. †¢ XYZ Company (India) has signed a technology license agreement with Mitsui Chemicals for a second high-density polyethylene (hdPE) plant at its Pata petrochemical complex in Uttar Pradesh, India. †¢ Vertical integration in complete Gas business leading to cost reduction. â € ¢ XYZ COMPANY is dominating player in natural gas trading. Through 85% market share XYZ Company is showing its control in the market. †¢ Major petrochemicals involvement is also showing its strength. Strong Revenue Growth (turnover of Rs. 18,008 Crores in FY 2007-08, a 12% increase, as against Net Sales of Rs. 16,047 Crores in the previous year) †¢ XYZ COMPANY is going global in exploration business, company is growing in all its business segments †¢ Controls gas transmission infrastructure for example: Pipe lines. †¢ Share of LNG import projects and strong and Diversified Asset Portfolio Weakness: †¢ The biggest problem which is faced by XYZ COMPANY is â€Å"High Subsidy burden† which is reducing LPG realization. †¢ XYZ Company has to accept all rules and regulation of government. There is no tax benefit with respect to Section 80IA since Demerger is delayed. †¢ XYZ COMPANY has less visibility over the contracts for new expansions in tr ansmission business. †¢ XYZ Company has very limited financial or operational freedom as a government undertaking. †¢ Cost and efficiency disadvantages †¢ Lack of upstream gas exposure †¢ Limited Exposure to Global Markets †¢ Weak Capital Returns Opportunities: †¢ XYZ COMPANY finds huge gas in KG and Mahanadi basin increasing the availability of natural gas. †¢ Petrochemical industry expected to grow at CAGR of 17% over a period of 3 years. This growth needs petrochemicals capacity expansion. The overall gas production is set to double within 3 to 4 years thus demand meeting the supply . This may result in government deregulating the natural gas prices. †¢ Leveraging pipelines for Telecom. †¢ Entering into exploration business, which is going to boost the realization. †¢ Potential for efficiency gains †¢ Transmission system upgrading/expansion †¢ Strong domestic energy demand growth. †¢ Increasing Demand for LNG †¢ Expanding Indian Natural Gas Market Threats: †¢ Rise in natural gas prices can lead to reduction in margin in petrochemical business. The main problem is that the price of gas is regulated by the government. Domestic marketing makes the company subject to threat of subsidy burden and pricing policies of petroleum ministry. †¢ Petrochemical prices may go down in the next two years on account of capacity additions in the industries. †¢ Rising investment requirement for new upcoming project. †¢ Changes in national energy policy. †¢ Intense Domestic Competition. †¢ Shift to Alternative Sources of Energy like hydro energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, thermal energy. †¢ Fluctuation in Gas and Petrochemical Prices. Business Segments †¢Gas Transmission †¢Gas Trading †¢Liquid Hydrocarbons †¢Petrochemicals †¢LPG Transmission †¢XYZ COMPANYTEL †¢EP †¢Power CORPORATE STRATEGY The company has developed a Strategic Plan for the period 2007-12. The goal set by the company includes doubling of its bottom line by the year 2011-12. The strategy developed to realize the set goals is as under: ? Gas Sourcing Marketing: Tying- up with producers and suppliers for marketing and transmission of natural gas on long term and sustainable basis. This is being realized by securing more gas from various producers, thereby increasing transmission and marketing volumes. ?Gas Transmission: Expanding of pipeline infrastructure from 7,850 km to about 12,000 km with the laying of new pipelines by 2011 -12. For achieving this, execution of various new pipelines at a cost of around Rs. 30,000 crores is in progress. ?City Gas: Pursuing of City Gas distribution opportunities in various parts of the country. This requires introduction of Compressed Natural Gas for the automotive sector and Piped Natural Gas for commercial and domestic use in more number of cities in a phased manner. The same is being realized by participating in PNGRBs bidding process for various cities and executing city gas projects in those cities. Petrochemicals: In the area of Petrochemicals business, the company is examining possible options for expansion of its Petrochemical Complex at Pata and is exploring green field participation in new ventures in India and abroad. For achieving this, expansion of Petrochemical Complex at Pata is being carried out in phases and participation in new field ventures is being undertaken through equity stake, while also exploring new ventures through JV route. ?EP: The company also pl ans to strengthen EP capability and resources to participate as a major partner / operator in Domestic EP/ CBM bidding. This would help in developing EP as a self-sustainable business for augmenting additional supplies of natural gas. For this, investments are being made in both domestic on-land and off-shore fields, with a balanced portfolio of developmental and exploratory projects. ?Globalization: On the globalization front, the plan of the company is to focus on areas having synergy with the existing businesses by entering into new and emerging gas rich countries with focus on sourcing of gas and participation in downstream activities. Structure and Systems Functional Structure The structure and reporting in the company is functional. The functions under each Director are clearly defined. Directors are Government of India appointees under a five year contract. Systems Employees below company â€Å"Directors† are on XYZ COMPANY’s payroll. Employees under various functions are located all over India and work under Executive Director, General Manager or employee in charge of the facility (gas compressing/ distributing station or petrochemical plant). Right now each facility of XYZ COMPANY is under a General Manager. This GM is from OM (operations and management) if the project is established one, otherwise it is under GM from PE (projects and execution). Once a project is up and running or commissioned it is handed over to OM group. To finish a project or to run and maintain a project employees with various functions come together. They are assigned their roles by their functional heads and report to the same. The functional heads then report to OIC or Officer in Charge. Following is the organogram of BCPL, Brahmaputra Cracker Petroleum Limited, a joint venture a JV between the Government of Assam, XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. OIL (India) Ltd. NRL with XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. as main promoter (70% stake). Following is the pyramid under the functional directors. A recruit usually starts with title of GET or Graduate Engineer Trainee. Recruitment is usually done through campus placements or all India entrance examinations announced in newspapers and website. This procedure is highly selective. XYZ COMPANY onl y goes to IITs for its campus placements. A GET remains on probation for a year and thereafter assumes designation of â€Å"Engineer†. Subsequent promotions are scheduled after 3 years. This duration increases with the pyramid. XYZ COMPANY is a public sector undertaking where jobs are secure and structure hierarchical, with pay packets are larger than any other government employee at comparable designation, designations and titles are key motivator. Promotions are based on CRs (Confidential Reports) filled by direct superiors. This makes designations even more important. Promotions in practice are influenced greatly by factors other than pure performance. Culture The culture of the company is that of a private firm, zero absenteeism, employees take ownership of their work, project execution is efficient and tendering is transparent. This company has a very small workforce compared to its huge profits. Most of its business is of gas transmission which after setup needs low workforce for maintenance. Employees say that they feel motivated to work for XYZ COMPANY because it is the best paymaster around. Still 2300 officers went on an indefinite strike on 7th January 2009 ignoring the appeals of then XYZ COMPANY India Chairman U D Choubey along with executives from 14 public sector oil firms who form Oil Sector Officers Association. When we explored reasons XYZ COMPANY officers explained that they were not given their due in the revised pay structure under 6th pay commission. Oil Sector Officers Association sought to bridge the gap between the wages offered by the private sector and public sector oil companies, seeking an over four-fold increase in the basic salary of entry level officials and almost 11-fold increase in salaries of the board-level directors. XYZ COMPANY officials say it was needed because private sector is now poaching its employees with promise of higher salaries. XYZ COMPANY employees went on strike with the employees from other oil sector companies to show their support against the common enemy. Employees at XYZ COMPANY are treated well. They receive perks such as excellent medicare, fast soft loans for homes, automobiles and consumer durables, petrol and mobile expenses etc. Employees say perks are way better than with any other oil firm. XYZ COMPANY also grants considerable funds for social events on festivals and casual family get together are a norm. XYZ COMPANY colonies provide excellent living environment for families of its employees with well developed sports facilities and shopping centres. This integrates social life of the family with office of the employee, eases stress at job and creates a better work life balance. This instils a sense of belonging in employees. Employees feel ownership in company’s aspirations and challenges. XYZ COMPANY was rated as one of the Best Employers in India by Hewitt Associates in 2004 and was adjudged as an Organization with Innovative HR Practices by HT Power Jobs. If compared to private sector companies in this sector pay packages and perks may fall short but XYZ COMPANY makes up for it by providing employees with less stressed work environment. Employees at XYZ COMPANY feel a sense of pride in working for a government company. Employees have returned from private companies stating that they feel stressed after compromising their ethics at work. The best XYZ COMPANY could do for it was to remain a lean organization; it has outsourced most of its work while keeping its core competence of efficient OM (operations and management) and PE (project execution) capabilities while other PSU in the sector feel the hang of enormous work force.

Facts and Figureso on Majungasaurus

Facts and Figureso on Majungasaurus Name: Majungasaurus (Greek for Majunga lizard); pronounced ma-JUNG-ah-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of northern Africa Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and one ton Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, blunt snout; spike on forehead; unusually small arms; bipedal posture About Majungasaurus The dinosaur formerly known as Majungatholus (Majunga dome) until its current name took precedence for paleontological reasons, Majungasaurus was a one-ton meat-eater native to the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar. Technically classified as an abelisaurand thus closely related to the South American AbelisaurusMajungasaurus was distinguished from other dinosaurs of its kind by its unusually blunt snout and the single, tiny horn on top of its skull, a rare feature for a theropod. Like another famous abelisaur, Carnotaurus, Majungasaurus also possessed unusually short arms, which presumably wasnt a major hindrance in the pursuit of prey (and may, in fact, have made it slightly more aerodynamic when running!) Although it certainly wasnt the habitual cannibal portrayed on breathless TV documentaries (most famously the late and unlamented Jurassic Fight Club), there’s good evidence that at least some Majungasaurus adults occasionally preyed on others of their kind: paleontologists have discovered Majungasaurus bones bearing Majungasaurus tooth marks. Whats unknown is whether the adults of this genus actively hunted down their living relative when they were hungry, or simply feasted on the carcasses of already-dead family members (and if the latter is the case, this behavior wouldnt have been unique to Majungasaurus, dinosaur-wise, or for that matter to any living creatures except modern human beings). Like many other large theropods of the late Cretaceous period, Majungasaurus has proven difficult to classify. When it was first discovered, researchers mistook it for a pachycephalosaur, or bone-headed dinosaur, thanks to that odd protrusion on its skull (the tholus, meaning dome, in its original name Majungatholus is a root usually found in pachycephalosaur names, like Acrotholus and Sphaerotholus). Today, the closest contemporary relatives of Majungasaurus are a subject of dispute; some paleontologists point to obscure meat-eaters like Ilokelesia and Ekrixinatosaurus, while others throw up their (presumably not so tiny) arms in frustration.

Contract Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contract Law - Research Paper Example For each case that comes under the law of contract the approach implied is a mixture of both the classic and new models. However according to some commentators the, modern contract law lacks clear and distinct principles itself and therefore each case has to be treated according to its specific circumstances and conditions. (Mulcahy. Pp 3-4. 2008) Proper law of contract is very important in a society where the trading and exchange of goods and services are important factors in maintaining the economic order. In many of the developing capitalist societies, the proper regulation and support for exchange processes of trade and goods and services have to be there. (Mulcahy. Pp 6. 2008) A breach of a contract is a situation in which one of the parties involved in the contract refuses or fails to fulfill its obligation or duty under the contract without giving any legal excuse or cause. The aim is to put the contract to an end without fulfilling one’s liability. The breach of the contract is usually at the stake of one of the parties involved in the contract and for this reason, the law gives several remedies for the breach of contract. The remedy that is employed for the breach of a contract depends upon the type of breach, its method, nature, and seriousness. When there is a breach of contract the harmed or injured party can claim compensation from the damages that resulted from the breach. The breach declares that the contract is discharged or released and in so doing the involved parties are released from obligations under the contract or forced to perform the obligations. (Fitzgerald and Olivo .pp 129. 2005) The remedies that are generally available in the event of a breach of a contract are damages, specific performance, injunctions, rescission, discharge, quantum meruit, and substantial performance. (Fitzgerald and Olivo .pp 131-145. 2005) The first contract was between Scott and Brown for purchasing 50 bags of flour that were actually stolen by Brown,

Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation and Knowledge Transfer - Assignment Example In regard to this, a critical evaluation of how certain organisations drive innovation to maintain competitive advantage will be explored. This report will evaluate innovation within Starbucks Corporation, the leading specialty coffee seller in the world. The author will examine how the corporation took on the innovation challenge by evaluating what Starbucks does, who does it, how well the personnel manage innovation, what the process of innovation involves and how it is shared across parts of the corporation. This will be examined against certain concepts and frameworks established by researchers in this field to provide a sound critical analysis. The report to be conducted will encompass a study that seeks to establish the role of innovation in enhancing the competitive advantage of Starbucks Corporation. In achieving this, the paper will seek to identify the potential benefits accrued from adoption of innovation and the threats facing innovation in such firms. Tidd and Bessant (2009) define innovation as â€Å"the process of turning opportunity into new ideas and putting these into widely used practice†. According to Trott (2008, p. 15), innovation involves managing all activities that are necessary to the process of creating ideas, technology development, developing and marketing of a novel or improved product or services. Thus, innovation does not just stop with coming up with a new idea, or inventing something, nor creating new market niches. It is a process that takes into account all these factors and integrates them. The challenge in innovation lies in the process it involves. The process revolves essentially around methods of searching for triggers in the internal and external environment for innovation, selecting viable ideas to invest in, implementation and sustaining the innovation into the organization’s policies and structures (Nelson and Winter, 1982, p. 143; Tidd and Bessant, 2009). Tidd and Bessant

Quality management focuses attention on continuous improvement Essay Example for Free

Quality management focuses attention on continuous improvement Essay Th e work of W. Edwards Deming is a cornerstone of the quality movement in management. 27 His story began in 1951, when he was invited to Japan to explain quality control techniques that had been developed in the United States. â€Å"When Deming spoke,† we might say, â€Å"the Japanese listened. † Th e principles he taught the Japanese were straightforward, and they worked: Tally defects, analyze and trace them to the source, make corrections, and keep a record of what happens afterward. Deming’s approach to quality emphasizes constant innovation, use of statistical methods, and commitment to training in the fundamentals of quality assurance. One outgrowth of Deming’s work was the emergence of total quality management, or TQM. Th is process makes quality principles part of the organization’s strategic objectives, applying them to all aspects of operations and striving to meet customers’ needs by doing things right the fi rst time. Most TQM approaches begin with an insistence that the total quality commitment applies to everyone in an organization, from resource acquisition and supply chain management, through production and into the distribution of fi nished goods and services, and ultimately to customer relationship management. The search for and commitment to quality is now tied to the emphasis modern management gives to the notion of continuous improvement—always looking for new ways to improve on current performance. 29 Th e goal is that one can never be satisfi ed; something always can and should be improved upon. Evidence-based management seeks hard facts about what really works. Looking back on the historical foundations of management, one thing that stands out is criticism by today’s scholars of the scientifi c rigor of some historical cornerstones, among them Taylor’s scientifi c management approach and the Hawthorne studies. The worry is that we may be too quick in accepting as factual the results of studies that are based on weak or even shoddy empirical evidence. And if the studies are fl awed, perhaps more care needs to be exercised when trying to apply their insights to improve management practices. Th is problem isn’t limited to the distant past. 30 A book by Jim Collins, Good to Great, achieved great acclaim and best-seller status for its depiction of highly successful organizations. But Collins’s methods and fi ndings have since been criticized by researchers. 32 And after problems appeared at many fi rms previously considered by him to be â€Å"great,† he wrote a follow-up book called How the Mighty Fall. 33 Th e point here is not to discredit what keen observers of management practice like Collins and others report. But it is meant to make you cautious and a bit skeptical when it comes to separating fads from facts and conjecture from informed insight. Today’s management scholars are trying to move beyond generalized impressions of excellence to understand more empirically the characteristics of high-performance organizations—ones that consistently achieve highperformance results while also creating high quality-of-work-life environments for their employees. Following this line of thinking, Jeff rey Pfeff er and Robert Sutton make the case for evidence-based management, or EBM. Th is is the process of making management decisions on â€Å"hard facts†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, about what really works—rather than on â€Å"dangerous half-truths†Ã¢â‚¬â€things that sound good but lack empirical substantiation. Using data from a sample of some 1,000 fi rms, for example, Pfeff er and a colleague found that fi rms using a mix of well selected human resource management practices had more sales and higher profi ts per employee than those that didn’t. 35 Th ose practices included employment security, selective hiring, self-managed teams, high wages based on performance merit, training and skill development, minimal status diff erences, and shared information. Examples of other EBM fi ndings include challenging goals accepted by an employee are likely to result in high performance, and that unstructured employment interviews are unlikely to result in the best person being hired to fi ll a vacant position. 36 Scholars pursue a variety of solid empirical studies using proven scientifi c methods in many areas of management research. Some carve out new and innovative territories, while others build upon and extend knowledge that has come down through the history of management thought. By staying abreast of such

Essay examples --

Most startups that raise money do it more than once. A typical trajectory might be (1) to get started with a few tens of thousands from something like Y Combinator or individual angels, then (2) raise a few hundred thousand to a few million to build the company, and then (3) once the company is clearly succeeding, raise one or more later rounds to accelerate growth. Reality can be messier. Some companies raise money twice in phase 2. Others skip phase 1 and go straight to phase 2. And at Y Combinator we get an increasing number of companies that have already raised amounts in the hundreds of thousands. But the three phase path is at least the one about which individual startups' paths oscillate. This essay focuses on phase 2 fundraising. That's the type the startups we fund are doing on Demo Day, and this essay is the advice we give them. Forces Fundraising is hard in both senses: hard like lifting a heavy weight, and hard like solving a puzzle. It's hard like lifting a weight because it's intrinsically hard to convince people to part with large sums of money. That problem is irreducible; it should be hard. But much of the other kind of difficulty can be eliminated. Fundraising only seems a puzzle because it's an alien world to most founders, and I hope to fix that by supplying a map through it. To founders, the behavior of investors is often opaque—partly because their motivations are obscure, but partly because they deliberately mislead you. And the misleading ways of investors combine horribly with the wishful thinking of inexperienced founders. At YC we're always warning founders about this danger, and investors are probably more circumspect with YC startups than with other companies they talk to, and even so we witness a... ... the way their sites are organized that they don't really want startups to approach them directly. Intros vary greatly in effectiveness. The best type of intro is from a well-known investor who has just invested in you. So when you get an investor to commit, ask them to introduce you to other investors they respect. [7] The next best type of intro is from a founder of a company they've funded. You can also get intros from other people in the startup community, like lawyers and reporters. There are now sites like AngelList, FundersClub, and WeFunder that can introduce you to investors. We recommend startups treat them as auxiliary sources of money. Raise money first from leads you get yourself. Those will on average be better investors. Plus you'll have an easier time raising money on these sites once you can say you've already raised some from well-known investors.

Reflective Portfolio

Abstract This is a reflective essay looking at the author’s career expectations and working background. Models of reflection are used to examine the author’s experience and self learning in terms of career aspirations. Past working history, and the situation with jobs in the airline industry, are discussed. A model of ideal characteristics for the author’s desired job is presented, and the areas in which the author is lacking are set out. The tools and approaches which can be used to improve these characteristics and hence become more like the ideal candidate are set out. 1. Introduction In the following paper, I am going to look at my career aspirations in the context of available careers in my chosen industry: the airline industry. I want to work in a customer services / management capacity at British Airways, building upon my existing skill-set and experience. I will discuss this subject in terms of approaches and insights I have gathered from studying international tourism management and travel tourism management, as well as what I have learnt in this particular module on career development. I will be looking critically at my experience and self-learning in order to identify the characteristics which I have that I feel equip me for this role. I will also be identifying areas which need to be further worked on. I will be combining intuitive writing about my experiences and capacities with academic research, textbooks and theories. In reflecting on my experience, I have been influenced by a number of models of learning through reflection, including Gibbs’ an d Kolb’s. Both these models show a way to structure learning. In Kolb the learner is encouraged to look at an experience and make observations then form concepts and general theories, which are then tested against more new experience. Gibbs suggests a similar process of describing, analysing feelings, evaluating, analysis and conceptualisation (Moon 2013). I have used models like these to first describe to myself or others my experience, then build conceptual models, abstract key ideas and theorise about what happened in order to do things differently in the future. Overall, I will be demonstrating how and why I feel I fit the role of Customer Service Manager within the airline industry, and how I might fill the current gaps in my knowledge and experience. 2. The Airline Sector and Available Careers In this section, I will look at the airline industry globally and in the UK, outline the areas of work, discuss the different possible job roles, and suggest the one which is right for me. I will also look at the career possibilities associated with this role, and look at the relationship between the ideal candidate for this role and my capabilities. My aim is to work in management within the airline industry. Although I have had a variety of jobs in my career so far, I have always wanted to work for British Airways. I was drawn to the opportunities for travel, as I see it as a way of learning and personal development. The old saying that travel broadens the mind seems true to me, although it also seems that travel and tourism research has so far concentrated more on why tourists select the destinations they do, rather than the impact on travellers psychology and perceptions (Chon et al 2012). Initially, I felt I should wait until the right job came along, but I was advised by a friend that I should take any job within the organisation and then work my way into the position I wanted. Many jobs are advertised internally first in many employers, not just B.A. (Williams 2010). The airline industry as a whole is large, and is likely to expand particularly if the trend for cheap air travel continues. Globally, there are approximately 2000 airlines with 23,000 aircraft serving over 3500 airports. By 2006, air travel growth was approximately 5% year on year, and capacity was thought likely to double by 2021 (Hencke 2006). Within the UK, aviation is a significant contributor to the economy, with UK airports handling 230 million passengers a year. UK manufacturing, technology and service providers in the industry are considered world leaders. Nearly 150,000 people are employed in the UK directly within the industry, and the sector contributes nearly ?10 billion to GDP (The Air League [online] 2014). The strength and likelihood of growth of the sector, while not directly motivating me to want to join the industry, certainly give me confidence that I will be able to have a life-long career within the industry. In terms of different organisations, the industry is d ominated by a few large organisations, although low-cost players have changed the situation somewhat. British Airways is the largest operator, followed by Virgin Atlantic Airways. British Midland and Easy Jet are also well known. UK companies face competition from overseas providers as well (Belobaba et al 2009). I was especially drawn to working for British Airways as they are the largest provider in the UK, and as such I feel I will have more opportunities for career development. But because many other companies operate globally, I feel I am in a good position to move to different organisations in the future, not least because I speak a number of languages. Given the large number of jobs in the sector, it is unsurprising that there are a wide range of occupations and roles. The type of jobs available can be divided into three main sections: ground handling services (e.g. baggage handling), airport operations (e.g. terminal manager, customer support) and airline operations (e.g. ground handling, cabin crew etc) (National Careers Service 2014). Of the choices, I have decided to focus on roles which directly progress out of the role I am now occupying. In particular, I have mapped out a possible career development path. First, I will go for a Future Talent Customer Service Manager (FTCSM) position, which I can move to after 12 months in this role. After this I can progress to a Customer Service Manager (after 2 years), and, beyond this, to an In-Flight Business Manager (IBM). I have chosen this particular development path having considered and rejected another. In the other path I would take a less customer-facing role, becoming a Duty Off ice Manager (DOM) or Turn Around Manager (TRM). The first looks at the management of crew, while the second deals with the mechanics of putting aircraft back in the air quickly and efficiently. My decision to go for the first career route was guided by my skills in dealing with people. I feel I have demonstrated empathy with different types of people, and am practiced at dealing with people’s problems. I care about people, want them to enjoy their experiences and want to continue to be very hands-on, if not with the public then with other employees. I also feel that there’s a more defined and visible career path in the first set of roles, as I can move from FTCCSM to CSM and to IBM, and beyond. In terms of my chosen career progression, there are a number of skills and abilities the ideal candidate will have. These are not specific to B.A. or the aviation industry, but are needed across all customer service and people facing roles. A CSM/FTCSM should have: Good leadership skills Planning ability Understanding and acting on feedback Communication ability Networking ability Flexibility The ability to manage stress and pressure as well as cope with job challenges Be able to deal with conflict (Evanson 2011) In terms of this ideal checklist, I believe I already possess several of these requirements. That is, I feel I am able to deal with conflict in a low-key, non-confrontational manner (a skill honed during my time as a bouncer), I can manage stress and pressure, I am fairly good at planning, understanding feedback and communication. This is not to say I cannot improve in these areas, but I feel that the areas in which my personal profile is most mismatched with the ideal job candidate profile are: Leadership Networking Flexibility I will explore in more detail my personal circumstances and their match to the ideal profile in the next section. 3. Current Career & Circumstances This section looks at my background in terms of career history, strengths and weaknesses. I then assess my competencies in terms of the ideal candidate profile I outlined in the last section. Finally, I identify areas for improvement in relation to this profile. Currently, I am working as a member of cabin crew. I have 6 months experience. I felt this position will help me advance in the industry as a whole. My previous career history has given me some very useful experience. I have had a variety of jobs from modelling to being a bouncer. While many of these positions might be considered ‘low level’ I feel they have taught me to deal with many different types of people, particularly people who are aggressive or who attempt to manipulate. Having dealt with so many tricky people, I feel I have a strong intuition about what people’s real motives are, as opposed to what they say they are motivated by, and also an ability to communicate with all sorts of people without making situations worse. Before I started my current job, I knew I wanted to work within the airline industry. I was also attracted to B.A. as I had heard they were a good employer (indeed.com [online] 2014). I treated the application process as a way of learning how to improve my interview skills. I applied to some organisations not because I especially wanted the advertised job, but in order to brush up on these skills, and become familiar with a range of the interview styles which exist in different companies. Some organisations, for example, use stress techniques to see how you cope under pressure (Parkinson 2002), others put you in either a very structured or an unstructured situation, both of which elicit different types of responses and require different approaches (Lehman and DuFrene 2010). During my 6 months in this job, I have come up against a number of new challenges which have made me more aware of my strengths and weaknesses in terms of the job I am ideally looking for. I have found that people tend to assume that working as a member of the cabin crew is easy particularly for men. Indeed, there’s a strong ‘trolley dolly’ stereotype (Bolton & Boyd 2003), which I have found frustrating at times. In fact, cabin crew work is a difficult job demanding good time management, concentration, the ability to think ‘on your feet’ and solve problems quickly, and an ability to get on with many different sorts of people. In addition, you need to pass a number of tests. For example for the BA mixed fleet crew the tests include health, criminal record and different aircraft licenses. I have found out in this job that I am good at listening to others. I feel I have a natural empathy with others and want to listen to what they are saying, rather than try and organise them into my way of doing things. However, and perhaps this is connected with this strength, I am not naturally forceful and good at leading others. In fact, if I am faced with a domineering or overpowering customer, I tend to give in and do what they want. This creates problems for me, for example if what they want is against the company rules. I think if I had more leadership ability, I would be better able to convince such people that the way I want them to behave is the right one for them as well. I also feel I do not currently demonstrate leadership skills. When in group meetings I tend to hang back and do not put my point of view across. I also feel I do not make the best use of situations. For example, I was asked to train up a new member of my team, but I felt I did not do this well, I felt und er-confident of what I was doing and I think I confused the person I was training. In addition to the areas of improvement I need to work on, which I will discuss more in the next section, I need to look at ways in which I can achieve my goal of a management position. I believe that my experience so far has helped a great deal. I have already had 6 months experience working as a member of cabin crew, so I understand the mechanics of this industry, but also of this particular job. After all, many people have to spend several months, if not years, volunteering to get similar experience of their desired industry, and I have had the luck to be paid for getting to this stage. Another benefit of being in the industry is that I have had a chance to build contacts already. Networking is an extremely powerful tool for getting the job you want (Souza 2010) and continues to be useful once in the job. After all, networking can be defined simply as creating opportunities, improving relationships with other people and making useful contacts. In a job, these benefits deepen over time, as you develop a more permanent network (Fisher 2011). As such, it is useful to career progression. Another skill I need to learn is flexibility. After all, as Pryor and Bright (2011) point out, the 21st Century workplace is characterised by change. Being able to adapt to change, not to expect the workplace to stay the same for years (or even months) and having a portfolio approach to a career are becoming increasingly important. I recognise that I am somewhat inflexible, and that change scares me. I naturally prefer the security of some sort of routine. However, there are things I can do to become more flexible. To some extent, working as cabin crew has helped improve my adaptability and increased the extent to which I can have a positive response to change, as I am never 100% sure where I’ll be going over the next months, and I have become aware that people can be very different in their demands and expectations. As I deal so much with members of the public, I have learnt to adapt to circumstances as they come up in a consistent way. I think there is more I can do in this area though. To summarise, there are some key areas which I need to work on: developing my management skills (including communication) and improving my networking, as well as being more flexible and open to change. I have covered networking and flexibility in this section, and will look at leadership in the next section. 4. The Development of Key Skills: Leadership This section evaluates the personal development tools I have used to improve my leadership skills, as it has been identified above as one of the areas I need to work on. I have had extensive working experience in a variety of positions, but have not really worked in a position where I have had to lead others. This initially made me wonder if I had what it takes to be a leader, but a number of things we covered in the module have convinced me that I can lead others. Other gaps include networking skills and flexibility. Theoretical learning about leadership has helped expand my horizons in terms of career development. Before I started the module, I believed that leaders are born, not made, and that one either is or is not the sort of person who can lead others. However, we learnt about different theories about leadership, and also about ways leadership can be developed. The idea that leaders are born is also known as the ‘great man’ theory of leadership (Daft 2007). A similar theory is the ‘trait’ model (Komives et al 2009). Although these are old models, they were still influential in my thinking. My experience on the course opened my eyes about different leadership theories. Many hold that leadership can be learned, for example behaviour-based theories, contingency theories and transformational theory (Komives et al 2009; Bragg 2008). Of the three, I have been most influenced by transformational theories. Behavioural and contingency theories seem to lack soul for me. It seems to me, based on my working experience, that people need to relate to and be inspired by leaders. Transformational theory, introduced by Burns (1978), suggests that transformational leadership is related to â€Å"morality, charisma, vision and values† that is, the leader must inspire people. Leaders also need to work with the people they lead, sharing information (Lucas 2005, p.20). One problem I found was that while there is a lot written about transformational leadership, there is not so much about how it can actually be put into practice. I did find a model based on Burns (1985) ideas. Manktelo et al (2005) suggest a 4 step process involving Creating a picture of the future to inspire people Getting people to ‘buy in’ to the picture Manage the way the vision is made to occur Improve relationships between people involved in delivering the vision They also suggest ways in which each stage can be achieved. In order to attain my desired career goals I will certainly be using this model to help me. I also found some textbooks recommended for the module useful. Chapman and O’Neill (1999) broke leadership down into 6 practical steps. I found this useful as I find it hard sometimes to translate theory into practice. I also found Covey (1999) useful. This approach teaches one how to base leadership around principles. I have always felt that management should be to do with treating people fairly and involving them in decisions, no matter what level of the company they are working at. Gardner and Laskin (1996) have given me ideas about how to watch what other leaders do and incorporate their behaviours into my own approach. One writer I found less helpful was Watkins (2013). He suggests getting to understand the â€Å"pivotal† people in the organisation quickly, through understanding their motivations and the pressures t hey are working under as well as the way they see their choices. The strategy is then to apply tools of influence to sway them. I have two issues with this approach. First, I believe every worker in an organisation is equally important. I would rather get all people agreeable to a course of action than concentrate on those he sees as ‘pivotal’. By concentrating on a few, resentment might arise. I would also suggest that it might not be possible to get to know people as quickly as he thinks. Watkins (2013) assumes that people will be honest and open about their motivation in a short conversation, and from my experience this often is not the case. Overall, I believe that learning more about leadership and finding practical approaches to being a better leader, including coaching skills, is the key way to address the gap I have talked about in earlier sections between my current skill set and the skill set required for my ideal position. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, I have examined my career in the context of my past working experience, where I am at the moment, and where I want to be. A number of tools I have learned during this module, as well as through self-learning, have helped me work out the ideal profile for my desired job role. I have also identified how I might turn my current skill set into the desired one. In particular, I need to work on leadership abilities. I have found a number of practical tools to help me do this, and have explored them above. My networking skills and flexibility can also be improved. 6. References The Air League (2014) ‘UK Aviation’ [online] (cited 8th February 2014). Available from http://www.airleague.co.uk/about/position-papers/uk-aviation/ Belobaba, P, Odoni, A and Barnhart, C (2009) The Global Airline Industry, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ Bolton, S C and Boyd, C (2003) ;Trolley Dolly or Skilled Emotion ManagerMoving on from Hochschild’s Managed Heart’, Work, Employment and Society, 17:2, 289-308. Bragg, D J (2008) The Application of Transformational Leadership, Proquest, USA. Chapman, E N and O’Neill, L S (1999) Leadership: Essential steps every manager needs to know (3rd edn.), Prentice Hall, USA Chon, K S, Pizam, A and Mansfeld, Y (2012) Consumer Behaviour in Travel and Tourism, Routledge, UK Covey, S R (1999) Principle-centered Leadership, Simon & Schuster, London Daft, R (2007) The Leadership Experience (4th edn.), Cengage Learning, Mason OH. Day, D V, Zaccaro, S J and Halpin, S M (2004) Leader Development for Transforming Organizations: Growing Leaders for Tomorrow, Psychology Press, Bristol D’Souza (2010) Brilliant Networking: What the Best Networkers Know, Say and Do, Pearson, UK Evenson, R (2011) Customer Service Management Training 101: Quick and Easy Techniques That Get Great Results, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, USA Fisher, D (2011) Professional Networking For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ Gardner, H and Laskin, E (1996). Leading Minds: An anatomy of leadership, Basic Books, NY. Gladwell, M (2001) Tipping Point: How little things can make a big difference Abacus, London Hencke, E (2006) ‘Airline Industry Overview’, [online] (cited 8th February 2014) available from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/consultingclub/Resources/Airlines_Eric_Henckels.pdf Indeed.com (2014) ‘British Airways’ [online] (cited 8th February 2014) available from http://www.indeed.com/cmp/British-Airways/reviews Komives, S R, Lucas, N and McMahon, T R (2009) Exploring Leadership: For College Students Who Want to Make a Difference (2nd edn.), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Lehman, C and DuFrene, D (2010) Business Communication (16th edn.), Cengage Learning, Mason, OH Lucas, D B (2005) A Study of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Constructive Organizational Culture in Small Manufacturing Companies, Proquest, USA Manketelow, J, Brodbeck, F and Anand, N (2005) How to Lead: Discover the Leader Within You, Mind Tools, Swindon. Moon, J A (2013) Reflection in Learning and Professional Development: Theory and Practice, Routledge, Oxon National Careers Service (2014) ‘Finding out about aviation’ [online] (cited 9th February 2014) available from ttps://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/LMI/Pages/aviation.aspx Parkinson, M (2002) Your Job Search Made Easy, Kogan Page Publishers, London Pryor, R and Bright, J (2011) Chaos Theory of Careers: A new perspective on working in the twenty-first century, Routledge, Oxon. Watkins, M D (2013) First 90 Days, Updated and Expanded: Critical Success Strategies for New Leaders at All Levels, Harvard Business Press, USA Williams, C (2010) Management (6th edn), Cengage Learning, Mason, OH